1. The Gift of the Nile

3. The Nile was called the “River in the Sand” because desert covered most of Egypt, which strategically kept outsiders from invading. The Nile flooded every June, which deposited tons of silt in the River Valley, making the soil black and fertile for harvesting crops in October, when floodwaters retreated. Irrigation allowed for a surplus of crops and harvesting year round. The Nile River

4. Gifts of the Nile Irrigation canals Papyrus (from the papyrus plant) Pottery & Bricks Boats used for trade & travel Write your name in Hieroglyphics: http://www.discoveringegypt.co m/hieroglyphic-typewriter.html

5. Pyramids See these websites for more information : http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/pyramid/ http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-egypt Builders of the Great Pyramids The concept of an afterlife played a central role in Ancient Egyptian life and culture, leading them to build huge pyramids, as well as many other temples and monuments. *A single pyramid could contain 92 million cubic feet of stone (enough to fill a sports stadium)!

6. The Pharaohs and the Gods Egyptians believed that the pharaoh was the living son of the sun god, Ra (or Re), and was also linked to Horus, the god of the sky. The pharaoh also served as Egypt’s chief judge, commander-in- chief, and chief religious figure, guiding people and preparing them for the afterlife. *Meet the Gods: http://www.rickriordan.com/my- books/kane-chronicles/explore-egyptian- mythology/the-egyptian-gods.aspxhttp://www.rickriordan.com/my- books/kane-chronicles/explore-egyptian- mythology/the-egyptian-gods.aspx

7. Religion and Daily Life in Ancient Egypt Interactive Site about Egypt: http://www.ancientegypt.co.uk/menu.html http://www.ancientegypt.co.uk/menu.html / Left & below: Temples were built for major gods, local gods, and pharaohs. Egyptian City-State Left (social classes): Most ancient Egyptians worked as field hands, farmers, craftsmen and scribes. Above: The people of ancient Egypt built mud brick homes in villages and in the country.

8. Copper & iron extraction for tools and weapons Goldsmithing Papyrus Hieroglyphics Solar calendar Glass-making Obelisks Mummification Navigation and shipbuilding Irrigation and agriculture (created the shaduf) Plant medicine Makeup & nail polish Toothpaste For more information about Ancient Egypt’s advancements & technology: http://www.crystalinks.com/egyptscience.html