1. Introduction to Computers Day 1

2. Basic Machine Architecture
Input Unit/s
Output Unit/s
Processing Unit/s

3. Basic Machine Architecture
Each and every machine consists of three unit/s
Input unit/s
Processing Unit/s
Output Unit/s
Mechanical Machine
Mortar/ Grinding Machine
Input – Grains (Rice, Wheat, Corn)
Process – Pounding/ Grinding
Expected Output – Flour
Electrical Machine (High Voltage/ Conductors)
Washing Machine
Input – Dirty Cloth
Process – Washing
Output – Clean Cloth
Electronic Machine (Low Voltage/ Semi Conductors)
Calculator
Input – Numbers/ Digits
Process – Addition/ Subtraction/ Multiplication/ Division
Output – Calculated Result/ Answer

5. Basic Computer Architecture
Input Unit/s
Output Unit/s
Memory Unit
Processing Unit

6. Basic Computer Architecture
Input Unit/s
Processing Unit/ Central Processing Unit/ Processor/ Microprocessor
Memory Unit
Output Unit/s
Physical Circuits - Hardware
Circuit Manipulation Programs – Software
Software loaded into the memory unit
Processing Unit executes Software instructions in memory and Computer act as a multi tasking machine
Persons who used Computers – Liveware
Input and output units – Peripherals
Most important concept behind the computer is memory unit
Memory unit stored data and programs/ software
Computer System : Hardware and Software

7. Basic Computer Architecture
Computer is a machine which process data
Anything can be data
Characters, Words
Colors, Pictures
Sounds
Video clips
Computer is an electronic device which inputs, stores and manipulates data and output the information
Information
Processed data
Meaningful data
Computer is a device that works under the control of stored programs/ software, automatically accepting, storing and processing data to produce information that is the result of that processing.

8. Functions of a Computer
What is a Computer?
RAW DATA & FACTS
INFORMATION

9. What is a Computer?
A Computer is a programmable, multipurpose machine that accepts data (e.g. raw data, facts & figures) and processes, or manipulates it into information we can use, such as summaries or totals
E.g. An automatic teller machine (ATM) computes the deposits and withdrawals to give you the total in your account.

10. What is a Computer?
Input
Output
Process
Eyes, Ears
Voice, Write

11. What is a Computer?
Data: (ISO) A representation of facts, concepts or instructions in a formalised manner suitable for communication, interpretation or processing by human beings or by automatic means.
Letters, numbers, colours, symbols, shapes, temperatures, sound or other facts and figures are data suitable for processing.
Information: (ISO) The meaning that is applied to data by means of the conversions applied to that data. I.e. processed data.

12. What is a Computer?
Computer: (ISO) A programmable functional unit that consists of one or more associated processing units and peripheral equipment, that is controlled by internally stored programs and that can perform substantial computation, including numerous arithmetic operations or logic operations, without human intervention during a run.
A computer may be a stand-alone unit or may consist of several interconnected units.

13. Characteristics of Computers
Speed
High speed electronic data processing machine
Speed based on electricity and the computer architecture (Bus speed, Cache memory)
Accuracy
Computer executes instructions in software programs
Diligence
Computer is free from monotony, tiredness, lack of concentration
Versatility
Multi tasking machine
Multimedia machine
Automation
Under control of software programs the computer automatically accepting, storing and processing data to produce information
Power of Remembering
Computer can store and recall any amount of data and information from storage devices

14. Characteristics of Computers
Intelligence
Non intelligence machine
Task based on software
Software can not create itself
Creativity
Non creativity machine
Feelings
No feelings
Everything based on computer programs or software

15. End User
End User
Software
System Software
Application Software
Software
Application Software
Hardware
System Software
Hardware

16. System Software System Software
Operating System (MS-DOS, MS-Windows, Unix, Linux, Sun Solaris, Macintosh)
Bootstrap Loader
Loading the operating system to memory (Booting)
Fixed program on electronic circuits
Boot sequence can change using CMOS Setup (Press Ctrl+Delete on booting)
Diagnostic Routine
Checking the connected devices
Program run before running the bootstrap loader
Basic Input Output System/ BIOS
Fixed program on electronic circuit (Read only Memory/ ROM)
Controlling the input, ouput devices and device drivers

17. Application Software Spreadsheet & accounting software
Word processing & type setting software
Word Star, Corel Word Perfect, MS- Word, Adobe Page Maker, Quark Express
Spreadsheet & accounting software
Lotus, MS-Excel, Accpac, MYOB, Sage
Presentation software
MS-Power Point
Database management system software/ DBMS
Dbase, MS-Visual Foxpro, MS-Access, MS-SQL Server, Oracle, Informix
Image processing and photo editing software
Adobe Photoshop
Graphic designing software
Adobe Illustrator, Corel Draw, Adobe In design, Macromedia Free Hand
Web designing software
MS-Front Page, Macromedia Dream weaver, Macromedia Flash, Macromedia Swish

18. Application Software 3D Animating software
3D Studio Max, Maya
2D Cartoon animating software
Macromedia Flash, Moho
Video & sound editing software
Adobe After Effects
Adobe Premier
Sound Froge
Computer aided designing software/ CAD
Auto CAD
Architecture Desktop
Computer aided manufacturing software/ CAM
Utility software
Compression software (Winzip, Winrar)
Anti virus software (Norton, Macfee, AVG, PC-Cillin)
Audio and media player software (Windows media player, Power VCD, Winamp)

19. Why Computers Needed?
Hand over our recursive & tedious work to the computer
Typewriter Word Processor/Printer
Card file Database Management System

20. Computer Architecture
Input Units/ Devices
Memory
Primary Memory
Random Access Memory RAM
Read Only Memory
Secondary Memory/ External Storage
Central Processing Unit/ Microprocessor
Arithmetic and Logic Unit/ ALU
Control Unit/ CU
Output Units/ Devices

21. Components of a Computer System
Internal Storage
Arithmetic &
Logic Unit
Control Unit
Input Units
Output Units
External Storage

22. What does a Computer do? Input Operations Arithmetic Operations
Logic Operations
Output Operations
Storage Operations

23. What does a Computer do? Input Operations Arithmetic Operations
computer can accepts data & instructions.
Arithmetic Operations
Computer can process arithmetic operations such as Addition, Multiplication, Subtraction & Division
Logic Operations
Computer can perform logic operation such as
AND, OR, NOT ….

24. What does a Computer do? Output Operations Storage Operations
Computer can produce an output as a screen view, as a hard copy, as a sound output.
Storage Operations
Computer can store a large amount of data & programs permanently & perform tasks later.