1. Air Safety and Terrorism Thomas Songer Mita Lovalekar

2. Learning and Performance Objectives Understand the spectrum of safety risk in airline transportation Identify the data sources available for studying airline crashes Identify the potential risk related to terrorism in airline transportation

3. Carmen Taylor via KHBS/KHOG-TV

4. Number of Passengers (in millions) U.S. Scheduled Airlines Source: Air Transport AssociationAir Transport Association

5. Officials Probe Crash of Plane Into Tampa Building Reuters, 6 Jan 2002

6. Disasters Fatalism vs. Preparedness

7. Risk Perception Our response to a real or imagined hazard is a function of our perception of that hazard. In many situations, hazards are ignored or disregarded. In other situations, they are magnified. Some of the factors which govern risk perception include: familiarity, degree of dread, memorability

8. Applications of Epidemiology (A) Understanding the causes of a disaster (B) Understanding ways of controlling a disaster situation

9. Data Sources Global Aviation Safety Network U.S. Fed. Aviation Administration Air Transport Association National Transportation Safety Board

10. 2001 Statistics 34 fatal airliner accidents 80% passenger carrying 15% cargo carrying 1118 fatalities among airplane occupants Aviation Safety Network

11. 29 3 17 42 9 EuropeAfricaAsia/AustraliaN. AmericaS.C. America 2001 FlightsAccidents Aviation Safety Network

12. Worldwide Airline Accidents 1945-2001 Aviation Safety Network

13. United States Scheduled Airlines Source: Air Transport AssociationAir Transport Association

14. 1996 U.S. Aviation Statistics Number of Accidents Accidents per 100,000 flight hrs AllFatalAllFatal Major Carriers 4940.320.026 Commuters98213.160.677 General Aviation 18543507.511.420 NTSB

15. Death Rates of Vehicle Occupants Vehicle Deaths per 100 million person miles of travel Motorcycle45 Gen. Aviation 8 Automobile1.23 Bus0.06 Passenger Train0.03 Com. Plane0.03 Source: National Safety Council

16. Causes of Death in Air Force, 1994 Number 227 Percent Motor Vehicle Accidents7131.3% Suicide6729.5% Medical Conditions4017.6% Aviation Accidents22 9.7% Homicides9 4.0% Other18 7.9 % Total

17. Terrorism and Flying 1012 hijackings or attempted hijackings 20 accidents and 1060 fatalities 42 accidents involving a bomb or sabotage 2101 fatalities 76 accidents where plane was shot down 2003 fatalities Aviation Safety Network

18. Hijackings by Year 1947-2001 Aviation Safety Network

19. Health and Airline Travel

20. Potential Health Risks From Acute Exposures –Deep Vein Thrombosis –Infection –Injury –Adverse events in the medically vulnerable

21. Potential Health Risks From Chronic Exposures –cancers/leukemia from cosmic radiation cabin air exposures

23. The Great Hanshin Earthquake Tokyo Subway Sarin Attack Life Linesdamagednormal Hospital Facilitiesdamagednormal Phone Linesdamagednormal Disaster information for hospitals not enough Information Dispatched from the hospitals not enough Patients concentrated to some hospitals yes

24. Conclusions Air travel is one of the safest forms of transportation and accident risk is lower now than in previous years there are about 22 hijackings per year; and, on average, 100 deaths from all forms of terrorism worldwide per year. The information reviewed suggests that: