1. The Fundamentals of Public Speaking
Audience Centered Process
Outlining & Editing
Delivering Your Speech
Supporting Materials
Develop Your Speech
Speaking to Inform
Organizing Your Speech
Speaking Freely & Ethically
Introducing & Concluding
Understanding Persuasive Speech
Speech #1 - Intro

2. Speech #1 - Introduction
“60-second commercial”
About you, but not your life story
What is interesting or relevant?
Deliver with confidence

3. The Fundamentals of Public Speaking

4. Anxiety / Nervousness Nervousness is normal
Survey: Death vs. Public Speaking
This class is “safe”
This class is a place to practice
Remember, the audience wants you to succeed.

5. Anxiety / Nervousness Know your audience Don’t procrastinate
Pick an appropriate topic
Prepare & be organized
Instructor opens floor for critique (feedback)
Audience provides critique (feedback)

6. Great Quotes from Speeches
“I have a dream”
“the content of one’s character”
“Ask not what your country can do for you. Ask what you can do for your country.”
“Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall.”

7. “A Speech” vs. Conversation
Planned
Formal
Roles of audience and speaker well defined
Spontaneous
Informal
Roles are fluid

8. Components
Speaker
Message / Content
Context
Audience
Feedback

9. Communications Process
Sender
Receiver
Filter
Transmission
Encoding
Decoding
Static

10. Tongue Twisters

11. Building Confidence Prepare Know your audience
Develop a well-organized speech
Know your introduction and conclusion
Practice
Visualize Success
Focus on your message
Seek speaking opportunities

12. Visual Materials Visual Aids should support and reinforce your points
Avoid irrelevant or distracting “eye candy” or gimmicks

13. Organize Your Speech Use major divisions: Introduction
Get attention & focus audience
(joke, story, shocking statistic)
Provide an idea of where the speech is going
Preview structure (sometimes)

14. Organize Your Speech Body Conclusion
(Structured with subdivisions) I. Major Idea
A. Supporting idea or evidence
B. Supporting idea or evidence
II. Major Idea
Conclusion
Should remind audience of central idea
“Call to action”

15. Rehearse First, in your head Then, out loud
Work out pronunciations and inadvertent tongue twisters

16. Deliver Your Speech Make eye contact
Audiences will not perceive nervousness as much as you think
Have water, but not milk, caffeine or carbonated beverages
Spit out the gum

17. Memorized Speaking Advantages: Disadvantages:
- Can have direct eye contact
- No need for notes
- Can move around freely and gesture
Disadvantages:
- Speaker may forget
- May sound overly mechanical or rehearsed

18. Impromptu Speaking Advantages: Disadvantages:
- Can move around freely and gesture
- Spontaneously and authentically delivered
Disadvantages:
- May be less organized
- Difficult to cite evidence

19. Extemporaneous Speaking
Knowing major outlined points, but not memorizing exact wording
Advantages:
- Well organized and researched
- Audience sees authentically delivered speech
Disadvantages:
- Takes time to prepare
- Takes skill to deliver well
- Notes are usually needed

20. Characteristics of Effective Delivery
Good eye contact
Gestures
- Pointing
- Hands on hip(s)
- “Parade rest”
- “Fig Leaf clutch”
Gesture functions
- Repeating/reinforcing, substituting, contradicting

21. Characteristics of Effective Delivery
Movement
- Can eliminate barriers between speaker and audience
- Maintain eye contact while moving
Posture

22. Characteristics of Effective Delivery
Vocal Quality & Delivery
- Pitch
- Volume
- Articulation / Diction
- Examples of poor articulation
“Lemme”
“Dint”
“Seeya”
“Wanna”
“Mornin”
“Whayado?”
“Fogedaboudit”

23. Characteristics of Effective Delivery
Pronunciation
“aks”, “Nucular”
Dialect
po’-lice vs. “po-lice’
um’-brella vs. Um-brell’-a
in’-sur-ance vs. in-sur’-ance
Rate
Pauses

24. Organizing Supporting Details
Central Idea
Main Idea
Main Idea
Main Idea
Supporting Details
Supporting Details
Supporting Details
Supporting Details
Supporting Details
Supporting Details
Supporting Details
Supporting Details
Supporting Details
Supporting Details
Supporting Details
Supporting Details

25. Summaries Remind the audience of key points Can reinforce a conclusion
Can lead up to a call-to-action
Elephant
Tangerine
Window
Garden
Table
Seesaw
Screwdriver
Automobile
Cafeteria
Zucchini

26. The Purpose of Introductions
Get the audiences favorable attention
To give the audience a reason to listen
Introduce the subject
Establish credibility
Preview your main ideas

27. Possible Introductions
Illustrations or anecdotes
Startling facts or statistics
Quotations
Humor
Questions
References to historical or recent events
Personal references

28. The Purpose of Conclusions
Summarize the speech
Restate main ideas
Provide closure
Motivate the audience to respond

29. Conclusion Possibilities
Reference back to the introduction
Issue an appeal or challenge

30. Please turn OFF all cell phones
Speaking to Inform
Reading: Chapter 15
Please turn OFF all cell phones

31. The Goals of Informative Speaking
To enhance understanding
To maintain interest
To be remembered
To present information objectively

32. Strategies to Enhance Recall
Build in Redundancy
Make your Ideas Short and Simple
Pace the flow of Information
Reinforce the Key Ideas