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Occasions for Public Speaking. Influence of the Occasion  Specific speeches for specific occasions  Constraints created by occasions  Constraints not.

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Presentation on theme: "Occasions for Public Speaking. Influence of the Occasion  Specific speeches for specific occasions  Constraints created by occasions  Constraints not."— Presentation transcript:

1 Occasions for Public Speaking

2 Influence of the Occasion  Specific speeches for specific occasions  Constraints created by occasions  Constraints not absolute

3 The Rhetorical Situation  A public speech occurs in response to a specific situation  A situation is a particular context in which a speech takes place  Rhetoric is the study of how messages affect people  The Rhetorical Situation  A situation in which people’s understanding can be changed through messages

4 The Audience  Speeches are presented to specific audiences. The reactions of audience members help to create/define the rhetorical situation.  Most speakers attempt to achieve identification with the audience.  Sometimes, a speaker may deliberately avoid identification with an audience to prove a point.  It is important for a speaker to know his/her audience prior to delivering a speech, as well as to gauge feedback during.

5 The Occasion  The occasion will often dictate what type of speech is delivered  Some speeches are ceremonial, while others are deliberative.  Audience’s expectations about appropriate behavior  The occasion provides a speaker with exigence

6 The Speaker  The same speech delivered by different speakers will have drastically different effects  Image, role, credibility (ethos), experience, talent, etc.  3 most general purposes of speeches:  Informing  Persuading  Entertaining  What is a good speech?

7 Constraints & Opportunities  Speakers face certain constraints when speaking, but also have opportunities to redefine rhetorical situations.

8 Case Study

9 Decorum  “A decorous speech is one that conforms to the expectations of a particular occasion.”  Formality  Length  Intensity

10 Decorum  Supporting material  Identification  Identify your purpose

11 Deliberative Speaking  Prevalent with any formal or informal decision-making group – “What shall we do?”  Answer not self evident, but a decision is required  Involves informing and persuading

12 Deliberative Speaking  Community Service  Oral reports & presentations  Group presentations  Public hearings & debates

13 Ceremonial Speaking  Also known as epideictic speaking  Focus on values and bringing people together  Impact of resonance  Articulating unexpressed feelings

14 Ceremonial Speaking  Speeches of greeting  Introductions  Speeches of tribute  Testimonials, eulogies, toasts, roasts  Speeches marking awards  Presentation, acceptance

15 Case Study

16 Deliberative/Ceremonial  Keynote  After-dinner  Commencement


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