1. Sports Injuries Lab Day

2. Questions to ask
What happened? (this helps to determine if the injury is acute or chronic)‏
Where does it hurt?
Scale from 1 to 10 of intensity of pain
Have you done this before?

3. Possible Shoulder Injuries - Dislocation
Acute – fell on shoulder, external force while shoulder was abducted, externally rotated, and hyperextended
Head of humerus is forced out of glenoid fossa
Signs/Symptoms: tenderness, athlete felt shoulder “slip out of place”, pain can be felt around the deltoid tuberosity

4. Ouch

5. Immediate Treatment PIER
Sling – immobilize in the position the athlete was found in (most comfortable)‏
Dislocation requires medical attention to get it put back in place

6. Long Term Care Rest Physiotherapy Strenghening of rotator cuff muscles
4-6 months before they can return to play

7. Separation Acute: Clavicle has become separated from the acromion
65% of all shoulder injuries in NHL
Signs/Symptoms: tenderness, weakness on resisted abduction while in a cross-flexed position (palm on opposite shoulder)‏

8. Immediate Treatment PIER Support ligament with a sling or tensor
Can use stretch tape to pull clavicle down

9. Long Term Care Strengthen upper trapezius and deltoid
May need surgery but there has been little success
Educate – if injured playing a contact sport, learn how to take a hit

10. Tendinitis Chronic – overuse injury
Inflammation of biceps brachii tendon
Signs/Symptoms: pain at the proximal end of the biceps, elbow flexion may be painful

11. Immediate Treatment PIER Use ice to bring inflammation down
Stop activities that are causing pain

12. Long Term Care Strengthen rotator cuff muscles Eccentric stretching
Biomechanical corrections

13. Rotator Cuff Tear Could be chronic or acute
Involves one or all four SITS muscles
Signs/Symptoms: difficulty with abduction, lateral, and medial rotation of the shoulder

14. Immediate Treatment
PIER
Refrain from activities that are causing pain

15. Long Term Care Strengthen rotator cuff muscles
Surgical intervention: cut coracoacromial ligament or surgically repair the tear

16. Knee Injuries – ACL tear
ACL = anterior cruciate ligament
Acute: Many different ways to injure
Most common: rapid rotation of the lower leg e.g. Making a cut in football or basketball
Signs/Symptoms: a “pop” sound, knee may feel “dislocated”, tight hamstrings (they protect the ACL)‏

17. Immediate Treatment
PIER
Crutches
Immobilizing splint

18. Long Term Care Surgery Brace support for one year +
Proprioception training for muscle recruitment

19. Patellofemoral Syndrome
Chronic – uneven tracking of the patella on the femur
Aggravated by sports like running, volleyball, and basketball
Signs/Symptoms: grinding sensation when flexing/extending the knee, pain around patella

20. Immediate Treatment PIER
Find mechanical cause and correct it – weak hip abductors, tight ITB, tight quads

21. Long Term Care Neoprene sleeve to assist tracking Stretching
Strengthen certain quad muscles (vastus medialis)‏
Loosen ITB – massage, physical manipulation

22. Ankle Injuries – Inversion and Eversion Sprains
Acute: rolling over your ankle (inversion), sole of the foot forcibly turned outward (eversion)‏
Signs/Symptoms: pain on reproducing inversion/eversion or might have heard a tearing or popping sound

23. Immediate Treatment
Ice
Tape
Elevation
Pressure
Crutches

24. Long Term Care Rest Air-cast
Rehabilitation exercises: wobble board, standing balance (with closed eyes), walking from one uneven surface to another

25. Why tape an injury? To prevent further injury
To manage an acute injury (support and pressure)‏
Allow the athlete to return to sport (if injury is mild enough)‏