1. Nursing and Paramedic Students Collaborate in CPR/BLS Simulation Activities Nursing Faculty: Milena Staykova Deidira Stewart Jennifer Everidge Susan Jones Carol Bailey Carolyn Lyon Melody Sharp Emergency Medical Services Faculty: Mark Cromer Roxanne Wilson Elliot Carhart

2. Objectives Upon completion of the presentation, participants will be able to: Conclude that CPR/BLS collaborative learning activity increased students’ self-perception of knowledge retention and ability to perform CPR/BLS. Validate the importance of a collaborative learning activity to improve students’ self-perception of CPR/BLS knowledge retention and skills. Network with colleagues experienced in nursing and paramedic education and engaging students in active learning.

3. Background The Institute of Medicine (2003) and the Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (2011) have considered interdisciplinary teamwork and collaboration for improving quality and safety in patient care. Collaboration between nurses and paramedic personnel is critical for quality of care and for positive patient outcomes in emergency situations (Melby, 2001). Nursing and paramedic students are expected to demonstrate competence during events requiring CPR/BLS in community or clinical settings. Studies show that after initial certification, the retention of the CPR/BLS skills requires reinforcement; otherwise, a deterioration of skills is observed (Brown et al., 2006). In settings of stressful situations nurses, physicians, and paramedics have deviated from the CPR/BLS standards (Martin, 2005). Many authors urge the curricula of healthcare professionals to reinforce CPR/BLS skills and to evaluate the performance of these skills (Krahan, 2011).

4. Purpose To encourage the students to practice CPR/BLS skills in a collaborative environment To help students self-evaluate the retention of CPR/BLS knowledge and skills To enhance the students’ readiness to enter the multidisciplinary-healthcare field

5. Research question (RQ) and Hypothesis (H): RQ: For nursing and paramedic students, what is the students’ self-perception of the effects of an interprofessional learning activity on students’ knowledge retention and ability to perform CPR/BLS? H1: The nursing and paramedic students’ self-perception of knowledge retention and ability to perform CPR/BLS will increase after an interprofessional learning activity. H: The nursing and paramedic students’ self-perception of knowledge retention and ability to perform CPR/BLS will NOT increase after an interprofessional learning activity.

6. Method This IRB approved descriptive study was based on a triangulation (a) IP learning activity based on students’ team interactions (b) 1:1 observation by certified faculty (c) pre-and-post learning-activity survey Descriptive (%, µ, δ) and Inferential statistics (paired t-test)

7. Sample A convenience sample of 56 students: - 36 junior-level nursing students -20 sophomore-level paramedic (EMS) students 10 Faculty Members: -8 from nursing program -3 from paramedic (EMS) program 1 MSN student

8. Design A pre-activity survey (white paper) A 10-item questionnaire (Josipovic, 2009) A Visual Analog Self-Knowledge Assessment Tool (VASKAT) to collect data: – Zero (0) on the scale- lowest rating –Ten (10) on the scale- highest self-knowledge and skills rating Case-based simulation activity- 2011 American Heart Association BLS guidelines Manikins of moderate fidelity A team of 2 nursing and 1 paramedic students Collaboration and peer-teaching using professional language and constructive feedback Post-activity survey- yellow paper

9. EMS and Nursing students’ pre-and-post VASKAT survey percentage agreement on each question

10. Results: Difference in means between the EMS and nursing students’ responses for each question using the VASKAT

11. Paired t-Test Calculations DfT-Testp-value EMS, n=20192.31154E-08<0.01 Nursing, n=36351.25876E-44<0.01 Rejection of the null hypothesis based on the statistical calculation

12. Conclusions The nursing and paramedic students’ self-perception of knowledge retention and ability to perform CPR/BLS increased after the interprofessional learning activity. IP activity led to an increase of the students’ self- perception of knowledge retention and ability to perform CPR/BLS after the collaborative activity. The IP activity was more beneficial to the nursing students. However, both groups experienced an increased self- perception of knowledge retention and ability to perform CPR/BLS after simulation learning activities. Nursing students may benefit from curriculum integrating CPR/BLS knowledge and skill refreshment classes or annual CPR/ BLS competency validation.

14. References Josipovic, P., Webb, M., & Mc Grath, I. (2009). Basic life support knowledge of undergraduate nursing and chiropractic students. Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing, 26(4), 58-63. Krahn, R. E. (2011). Basic Life Support: A Call for Reevaluation by Nurse Educators. Nursing Education Perspectives, 32(2), 128. doi:10.5480/1536-5026-32.2.128 Institute of Medicine. (2003, April 18). Health professions education: A bridge to quality [Workshop Report]. Washington, DC: Author. Martin, V. R. (2005). Poor technique: All too common. Nursing, 35(4), 35. Melby, V. (2001). The adrenaline rush: nursing students' experiences with the Northern Ireland Ambulance Service. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 34(6), 727- 736. Oermann, M. H., Kardong-Edgren, S., Odom-Maryon, T., Ha, Y., McColgan, J. K., Hurd, D., et al. (2010). HeartCodeTM BLS with voice assisted manikin for teaching nursing students: Preliminary results. Nursing Education Perspectives, 31(5), 303- 308. Söderholm, H. M., & Sonnenwald, D. H. (2010). Visioning future emergency healthcare collaboration: Perspectives from large and small medical centers. Journal of The American Society For Information Science & Technology, 61(9), 1808-1823. Quality and Safety Education for Nurses. (2011). Quality and safety competencies. Chapel Hill, NC: Author.

15. Questions and Comments