1. 7. GIS Software

2. Overview Evolution of GIS software Architecture of GIS software Building GIS software systems Types of software Example products GIS software use

3. GIS Software The geoprocessing engines of GIS Major functions – Collect, store, mange, query, analyze and present Key terms – Program – collections of instructions to manipulate data – Package – integrated collection of programs – Component – self-contained, reusable software building blocks

4. Evolution of GIS Software Sub-routine libraries (60s/70s) – Libraries of small programs (sub-routines) – Required advanced programming skills Tool box with CLI (70s/80s) – Basic package with Command Line Interface – Required advanced technical skills Task-oriented system (90s/00s) – Graphical User Interface (GUI) – Customization capabilities to create specific-purpose applications

5. Three-tier Architecture

6. GS Software Architectures Desktop Client-server Centralized – Desktop/Citrix – Server

7. Desktop GIS

8. Client-server GIS

9. Centralized Desktop GIS

10. Centralized Server GIS

11. GIS customization The process of modifying GIS software to, e.g., add new functionality to applications, embed GIS functions in other applications, or create specific-purpose applications. Use industry-standard programming language for customiztion: Visual Basic, Java, Python

12. ESRI ArcGIS Customization

13. Desktop and Network GIS

14. Desktop and Internet GIS FeatureDesktopNetwork Client SizeThickThin Client platformWindowsBrowser Server sizeThin/thickThick Server platform Windows/Unix/ Linux NetworkLAN/WANInternet

15. GIS software Market Share

16. Types of GIS software systems Desktop GIS Server GIS Handheld GIS

17. Desktop GIS Data exploitation Data access Query Spatial Analysis Simple editing Visualization Mapping Customization $1500

18. Figure 7.11 GeoMedia GeoMedia (Desktop)

19. © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd ArcGIS (Desktop)

20. AutoDesk

21. Server GIS Centralized GIS – Deploy multi-user desktop – Internet GIS – Enterprise GIS Servers Manage/deploy centrally Low cost of ownership Good for data exploitation

22. Hand-held Field-based GIS Lightweight hardware Extension of desktop Limited capabilities Data collection Mobile mapping $500

23. Technical support: GPS + wireless networking Hand-held GIS

24. ESRI ArcPad running on a rugged hand-held field PC device

25. The Apple iPhone showing Google Maps—an example of a hand-held GIS (Courtesy Alex Singleton)

26. Estimated GIS Users

27. Summary GIS software is developing fast Consistent GIS architecture Major development areas – Internet – Hand-held Increasingly standards-based Very wide ranging Rationalization of vendors