1. From Globes to Maps

2. Globe is a three-dimensional scale model of Earth
Globe is a three-dimensional scale model of Earth. Presents the most accurate depiction of geographic information.

3. Map is a symbolic representation of all or part of the earth on a flat piece of paper. Maps can be useful in showing small areas in great detail.

4. From 3-D to 2D
Cartographers use mathematical formulas to transfer information from a round globe to a flat map.
To create maps, cartographers project the round earth onto a flat surface – making a map projection.

5. Basic Categories of Map Projections
Planar – Shows the earth centered in such a way that a strait line coming from the center to any other point represents the shortest distance. It is most accurate at its center (the poles).

6. Basic Categories of Map Projections
Cylindrical – is based on the projection of the globe onto a cylinder. This projection is most accurate near the equator.

7. Basic Categories of Map Projections
Conic – Is created by placing a cone over part of the globe. It is best suited for showing limited east-west areas that are not too far from the equator.

8. Map Projections

9. Winkel Tripel Projection
Most widely used map in the world. Provides good balance between the size and shape of land areas as they are shown on the map.

10. Robinson Projection
The continents appear much as they do on the globe however, there is minor distortion near the poles

11. Goode's Interrupted Equal-Area Projection
A map that looks something like a globe that has been cut apart and laid flat. Shows the true size and shape of earth’s landmasses but the distances are somewhat distorted.

12. Mercator Projection
Once the most commonly used projection, increasingly distorts size and distance as it moves away from the equator.

13. Map Features

14. Cartography
Has been described as the meeting place of art and science.
The primary purpose of a map is to show information or a geological concept or relationship.
Maps must show an accurate relationship between objects and features

15. Compass Rose Basic Map Elements Showing North
Illustrates Cardinal Directions

16. Map Scale Basic Map Elements
The relationship between a distance on a map and the corresponding distance on the earth's surface.

17. Map Legend Basic Map Elements
A table of symbols used on a map or chart

18. What is required in your map
Title
Geographic Grid
Scale
Compass Rose
Legend
Political (Cities, Countries, States) and Physical features (Landforms and bodies of water)
Date
Name of Cartographer