1. T HE B ASICS OF ABA: U NDERSTANDING B EHAVIOR Presented by: Tiffany Crow University of Houston Clear Lake

2. O VERVIEW Who uses ABA? What is ABA? Foundations of the science of ABA See behavioral examples BREAK Understanding problem behavior

3. W HO USES ABA? “Professionals use ABA to address the behavioral needs of a wide variety of individuals in diverse settings.” Children in school Children and adults with disabilities Organizations and businesses Organizational behavior management (Behavior Analyst Certification Board: www.bacb.com ) www.bacb.com

4. W HAT IS ABA?

6. H OW IS ABA A SCIENCE ? Applied Behavioral Analytic Technological Conceptual Systems Effective Generality (Baer, Wolf, & Risley, 1968)

7. A PPLIED Social Importance

8. B EHAVIORAL Measurable

9. A NALYTIC Demonstration of Effectiveness

10. T ECHNOLOGICAL Completely Identified and Described

11. C ONCEPTUAL S YSTEMS Theoretical Base

12. E FFECTIVE Success Defined by Behavioral Change

13. G ENERALITY Different Environments Continue After Intervention

14. W HAT IS BEHAVIOR ? “If a dead man can do it, it ain’t behavior. And if a dead man can’t do, then it is behavior” (Cooper et. al., 2007, p. 26).

15. Behavior Increase: Skill Deficits Behavior Decrease: Problem Behavior

16. I NCREASE BEHAVIOR

17. B EHAVIOR D ECREASE AND I NCREASE

18. W HAT CONTROLS BEHAVIOR ? Antecedent “Trigger” Behavior Consequence “Pay Off”

19. A NTECEDENT (T RIGGER ) AND C ONSEQUENCE (P AY O FF ) Antecedent (Trigger) Presentation of Task/Demands Removal of Preferred Activities Diverted/Removed Attention Lack of Stimulation Consequence (Pay Off) Removal of Task/Demands Presentation of Preferred Activities Provided Attention Provided Stimulation

20. R EINFORCEMENT Delivered After Behavior Increases the Behavior

21. P UNISHMENT Delivered After Behavior Decreases Behavior

22. Positive When something is presented Negative When something is removed

30. E FFECTIVE IF IT WORKS ! Reinforcers and punishers are only defined as reinforcers and punishers if they change behavior. Time Out Reprimands Stickers Time with Friends Tickles Playing Outside

31. T IMING IS S IGNIFICANT Most effective if given right after behavior Reinforcement ≠ Bribery

32. T EST YOURSELF

33. BREAK

34. W HY DO P ROBLEM B EHAVIORS O CCUR Antecedent “Trigger”Behavior Consequence “Pay off”

35. C AUSES OF P ROBLEM B EHAVIOR Obtain something Attention Tangible-food, toy, etc. Avoid/Escape something Work/ task Unpleasant environment The behavior feels good directly

37. D ATA ARE IMPORTANT

38. A GGRESSION

39. S ELF I NJURY

40. W HY

41. Let’s compare this to fishing… Hair pulling Picking on Sibling Tugging on mom Being Polite Screaming

42. Picking on Sibling Tugging on mom Pulling Hair Screaming Being Polite ATTENTION Escape ATTENTION Attention ATTENTION Attention

43. You can control WHEN to give the pay off HOW MUCH pay off to give Which BEHAVIORS get the pay off Things you can do.

44. TEACH THAT GOOD BEHAVIORS GET BIG REWARDS. Being Polite Screaming

45. W HAT NOW ? Real-life example:

46. S UGGESTED I NTERVENTION F OR E ACH C AUSE To obtain something Allow the them to earn “the pay off” for doing an appropriate behavior To avoid/escape something Teach them to ask for a break Give frequent, scheduled breaks Because it feels good Allow them access to something that might feel similar

47. R EFERENCES  Cooper, J.O., Heron, T.E., Heward, L.W. (2007). Applied Behavior Analysis, Second Edition. Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458.  Baer, D.M., Wolf, M.M., Risley, T.R. (1968). Some current dimensions of applied behavior analysis. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1, 91-97.  Behavior Analyst Certification Board. September 2004. September 8, 2004 http://www.bacb.com/index.php

48. “Applied behavior analysis provides an empirical basis for not only understanding human behavior but also improving it (Cooper, et. al. 2007, p. 22).” Q UESTIONS