1. 1 / x Complex Adaptive systems GRS-21306 Introduction Arnold Bregt

2. Contents Presentation System thinking in Wageningen Complex adaptive systems Complex adaptive systems and SDI

3. Scientific schools Reductionism ( e.g. Rene Descartes) components Holism (e.g. Aristotle) system

4. Question What is the science view approach in Wageningen?

5. System thinking in Wageningen Systems thinking is the process of understanding how things influence one another within a whole

6. Comparison approaches Use Newtonian techniques when the problem is: Quiet familiar Well defined Closed to outside influence Linear, the inputs and outputs are clearly distinguishable Use complex techniques when the problem is: New and unique Fuzzy or unknown Open to outside influences Nonlinear, the inputs and outputs are not clearly distinguishable

7. Example organization In organizations, systems consist of people, structures, and processes that work together to make an organization healthy or unhealthy

8. Example Nature In nature, systems thinking examples include ecosystems in which various elements such as air, water, movement, plants, and animals work together to survive or perish.

9. Question Can you give examples of pro’s and con’s of both approaches?

10. Examples – Information system

11. Example Ecosystem

12. Complex system Source: Complexity systems institute

13. Complex Adaptive System Complex Adaptive System is a dynamic network of many agents (which may represent cells, species, individuals, firms, nations) acting in parallel and constantly, and reacting to what the other agents are doing (Waldrop, 1992).

14. Complex adaptive system Source: Complexity systems institute

15. CAS Features Components Complexity Sensitive to initial conditions Openness Unpredictability (Scale independence)

16. CAS behaviours Adaptability Self organization Non-linear behaviour Feedback loop mechanism

17. Adaptability

18. Example: Self organization

19. Feedback loop

20. Non-linear behaviour

21. CAS as a research topic

22. CAS application in Wageningen CAS is the concept/ theory ABM (Agent Based Modelling) is the implementation)

28. Citations

29. Complex adaptive systems and SDI Hypothesis: CAS characteristics and behaviors can also be found in SDIs.

30. Dutch SDI

31. Structure of SDI of Flanders (Part of belgium)

32. SDI as CAS (assignment) Please read the article from your reader “Spatial Data Infrastructures as Complex Adaptive Systems” and analyze your SDI case using the 10 features and behaviors mentioned in this article.