1. Katy Proctor Katy.Proctor@gcu.ac.uk Stalking in Scotland – Investigating the Invisible

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3. 3 Bar Chart Showing the Top Five Tactics Used by Stalkers as Described by Survey Participants Table Showing the Five Most Common Impacts of Stalking as Described by Survey Participants Behaviour% Participants The person watched/spied on you with unknown intention 75% (n=72) The person sent you unwanted letters or notes 73.5% (n=72) The person followed you with unknown intention 68.8% (n=66) The person made unwanted telephone calls to you 67.3% (n=66) The person threatened to spread rumours (true or false) about you 61.1% (n=58) Impact% Participants Anxiety97.9% (n=95) Worry96.9% (n=94) Feeling Unsafe95.8% (n=91) Fear/Alarm93.8% (n=90) Feeling Watched92.6% (n=87)

4. 4 Stalker MO Stalks without target knowing Let’s target know they are being stalked Let’s target know they are being stalked and who is stalking them Key Themes Emerging from the Interview Data

5. 5 Third Party Involvement Stalking by Proxy Knowingly Involved Unknowingly Involved Stalking Significant Others Use of Authorities Social Media Contacts Willingly Coerced

6. 6 Surrounded by Isolation Mutual friends Parents Children Courts Her Siblings Contact Centres Police Other Family Members Neighbours Social Work His Parents His siblings His Other Family Members Mobile Phone Providers Her Solicitor His Solicitor Children’s Panel Gas Providers Her Work Colleagues Other Utility Providers Passport Office Her Friends His Friends School/ Nursery Her New Partner His New Partner His Children from a previous relationship Her Ex- partner Her Boss Twitter Facebook Other Social Media The Perpetrator Linked In College/ University Members of the public Women’s Aid Other Support Organisations Local Shops

7. 7 The defining characteristics of stalking are 1.Surveillance behaviour which makes it distinct from  Emotional/psychological abuse within the context of domestic abuse  Harassment/Bullying  Anti-social behaviour 2.The victim is made aware that they are being stalked which makes it distinct from tracking behaviours e.g. serial killers or ‘predatory stalking’ 3.There is no planned end point (stalking for stalking’s sake) 4.Stalking in essence is an act of violence 5.Motivation of stalking is to exert power and control over an individual Key Points and Concluding Remarks