1. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Repairs, Maintenance, and Installation of Electric Residential Water Heaters 8 Hours of Continuing Education Certified by Oregon Building Codes Division Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved.

2. INSTRUCTIONS FOR USING THIS CONTINUING EDUCATION LEARNING MATERIAL This course material is set up in way that maximizes the retention of the information provided. Each page may introduce a new idea, bullet point, etc. from the previous page. Introducing one idea at a time may help organize the information and help you assimilate it in the shorter period of time the continuing education courses take—as compared to full-length training. When you have read the information offered on one page, simply advance to the next page by clicking the down arrow as seen here. Before Continuing (IMPORTANT) Locate the following button at the top of the screen and click it. This will allow you to view each full slide—without having to scroll up and down. Alternatively, you can press the Page Down button on your keyboard to have the same effect.

3. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. COMPONENTS Objective: After completion of this section, you will be able to identify the components of a residential electric water heater and know what each of their functions are.

4. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Identification of Components

5. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Identifying Components of a Residential Water Heater Thermostat Protector Thermostat Diagram A illustrates where the upper thermostat and the upper thermostat protector are located on the residential water heater. Diagram A Diagram B Diagram B is an up- close viewpoint of what the thermostat and thermostat protector actually look like when installed in the water heater. Thermostat Mounting Bracket Thermostat

6. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Identifying Components of a Residential Water Heater Cover Conduit/Ground Junction Box Cover Cover Conduit / Ground & Junction Box and Cover Diagram C illustrates where the cover conduit/ground would be located on an upright electric water heater (and most other types. On a wall hung electric water heater, the ground conduit/ground and junction box cover may be located on the bottom of (beneath) the water heater. Diagram C

7. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Elements Here are two elements as they would commonly be placed in a Double- Element Water Heater. Upper Element Lower Element

8. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Identifying Components of a Residential Water Heater Diagram D illustrates where the hot water outlet/anode and heat trap insert (outlet) would be located on an upright electric water heater (and most other types. Diagram E is a close-up view of the hot water heat trap insert. Diagram F is what a hot water anode looks like. Diagram D Hot Water Outlet/Anode Heat Trap Insert (Outlet) Diagram E Diagram F

9. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Identifying Components of a Residential Water Heater Diagram G: Cold water inlet tube Diagram H: Heat trap insert (inlet) Diagram I: Diagram G Heat Trap Insert (Inlet) Cold Water Inlet Dip Tube Diagram H Diagram I Illustrates dip tube immersed in water.

10. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Identifying Components of a Residential Water Heater Diagram I.1 Sacrificial Anode Diagram I.1 illustrates where the sacrificial anode might be located on a typical water heater. Not all water heaters have a sacrificial anode.

11. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Identifying Components of a Residential Water Heater Diagram J illustrates one of the places a T&P Relief Valve may be installed on an upright residential water heater. In addition, an alternative place to install the relief valve is noted in red. Diagram K illustrates what a T&P Relief Valve looks like. Diagram J T&P Relief Valve Diagram K Alternative Placement for the T&P Relief Valve

12. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Identifying Components of a Residential Water Heater Diagram K.1 illustrates an overflow pipe connected to a temperature / pressure relief valve. Diagram K1 Overflow Pipe

13. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Identifying Components of a Residential Water Heater Diagram K.2 illustrates the cold water shut-off valve, otherwise known as a water supply valve. Diagram K2 Shut-Off Gate Valve (Water Supply Valve) This shut- off valve is a screw-to- close, screw to open version. Diagram K3 Diagram K.3 illustrates the ball valve version of the cold water shut-off valve, otherwise known as a water supply valve. This shut-off valve utilizes a ball to block water flow. Shut-Off Ball Valve (Water Supply Valve)

14. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Identifying Components of a Residential Water Heater Drain Valve Diagram K4

15. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Function of Components

16. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Thermostat Components General Description Of Thermostat

17. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Components

18. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Components Thermostat

19. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. General Introduction Understanding Functions of Components Thermostat

20. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. General Introduction Understanding Functions of Components Thermostat Definition: A device that automatically regulates temperature, or that activates a device when the temperature reaches a certain point.

21. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. General Introduction Understanding Functions of Components Thermostat I I n an electric water heater, the function of the thermostat is to use energy (electricity) to heat the water in the tank. The voltage varies, depending on the brand, size, and type of water heater. The required voltage will be found on the water heater. Definition: A device that automatically regulates temperature, or that activates a device when the temperature reaches a certain point.

22. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. General Introduction Understanding Functions of Components Thermostat T T he thermostat monitors the temperature and averts an explosion by shutting off it’s energy source if the temperature exceeds safe temperatures. Thermostat Protector Diagram A Diagram B I I n an electric water heater, the function of the thermostat is to use energy (electricity) to heat the water in the tank. The voltage varies, depending on the brand, size, and type of water heater. The required voltage will be found on the water heater. Definition: A device that automatically regulates temperature, or that activates a device when the temperature reaches a certain point. Thermostat Thermostat Mounting Bracket

23. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. General Introduction Understanding Functions of Components Thermostat M M ore than one thermostat may be found on a water heater, which changes the way a single thermostat may function. The types of water heater systems that are most typical for residential electric water heaters are: T T he thermostat monitors the temperature and averts an explosion by shutting off it’s energy source if the temperature exceeds safe temperatures. Thermostat Protector Thermostat Diagram A Diagram B Thermostat Mounting Bracket I I n an electric water heater, the function of the thermostat is to use energy (electricity) to heat the water in the tank. The voltage varies, depending on the brand, size, and type of water heater. The required voltage will be found on the water heater. Definition: A device that automatically regulates temperature, or that activates a device when the temperature reaches a certain point.

24. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. General Introduction Understanding Functions of Components Thermostat M M ore than one thermostat may be found on a water heater, which changes the way a single thermostat may function. The types of water heater systems that are most typical for residential electric water heaters are: T T he thermostat monitors the temperature and averts an explosion by shutting off it’s energy source if the temperature exceeds safe temperatures. Thermostat Protector Thermostat Diagram A Diagram B Thermostat Mounting Bracket I I n an electric water heater, the function of the thermostat is to use energy (electricity) to heat the water in the tank. The voltage varies, depending on the brand, size, and type of water heater. The required voltage will be found on the water heater. Definition: A device that automatically regulates temperature, or that activates a device when the temperature reaches a certain point. Single Element (single thermostat)

25. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. General Introduction Understanding Functions of Components Thermostat M M ore than one thermostat may be found on a water heater, which changes the way a single thermostat may function. The types of water heater systems that are most typical for residential electric water heaters are: T T he thermostat monitors the temperature and averts an explosion by shutting off it’s energy source if the temperature exceeds safe temperatures. Thermostat Protector Thermostat Diagram A Diagram B Thermostat Mounting Bracket I I n an electric water heater, the function of the thermostat is to use energy (electricity) to heat the water in the tank. The voltage varies, depending on the brand, size, and type of water heater. The required voltage will be found on the water heater. Definition: A device that automatically regulates temperature, or that activates a device when the temperature reaches a certain point. Single Element (single thermostat) Double Element, Non-Simultaneous, Single Phase (two thermostats-working at opposite times)

26. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. General Introduction Understanding Functions of Components Thermostat M M ore than one thermostat may be found on a water heater, which changes the way a single thermostat may function. The types of water heater systems that are most typical for residential electric water heaters are: T T he thermostat monitors the temperature and averts an explosion by shutting off it’s energy source if the temperature exceeds safe temperatures. Thermostat Protector Thermostat Diagram A Diagram B Thermostat Mounting Bracket I I n an electric water heater, the function of the thermostat is to use energy (electricity) to heat the water in the tank. The voltage varies, depending on the brand, size, and type of water heater. The required voltage will be found on the water heater. Definition: A device that automatically regulates temperature, or that activates a device when the temperature reaches a certain point. Single Element (single thermostat) Double Element, Non-Simultaneous, Single Phase (two thermostats-working at opposite times) Double Element, Simultaneous, Single Phase, 4 Wire Service (two thermostats-working at the same time)

27. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. General Introduction Understanding Functions of Components Thermostat M M ore than one thermostat may be found on a water heater, which changes the way a single thermostat may function. The types of water heater systems that are most typical for residential electric water heaters are: T T he thermostat monitors the temperature and averts an explosion by shutting off it’s energy source if the temperature exceeds safe temperatures. Thermostat Protector Thermostat Diagram A Diagram B Thermostat Mounting Bracket I I n an electric water heater, the function of the thermostat is to use energy (electricity) to heat the water in the tank. The voltage varies, depending on the brand, size, and type of water heater. The required voltage will be found on the water heater. Definition: A device that automatically regulates temperature, or that activates a device when the temperature reaches a certain point. Single Element (single thermostat) Double Element, Non-Simultaneous, Single Phase (two thermostats-working at opposite times) Double Element, Simultaneous, Single Phase, 4 Wire Service (two thermostats-working at the same time) Double Element, Non-Simultaneously, Single Phase, Off Peak (two thermostats-working at opposite times)

28. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Thermostat Components Introduction to a Two Element System and the Electrical Diagram

29. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Components Thermostat (cont.) Introduction to a Two-Element System and the Electrical Diagram

30. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Components Thermostat (cont.) Introduction to a Two-Element System and the Electrical Diagram Upper Thermostat

31. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Components Thermostat (cont.) Introduction to a Two-Element System and the Electrical Diagram Upper Element

32. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Components Thermostat (cont.) Introduction to a Two-Element System and the Electrical Diagram Lower Thermostat

33. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Components Thermostat (cont.) Introduction to a Two-Element System and the Electrical Diagram Lower Element

34. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Thermostat Components Single Element (one thermostat)

35. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Components Thermostat (cont.)

36. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Components Thermostat (cont.) Single Element (single thermostat)

37. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Components Thermostat (cont.) Single Element (single thermostat) Electricity (line voltage) is applied across terminal L1 and terminal L3 of the thermostat. The ECO (Energy Cut Off) is closed, so there is voltage at terminal L4 and to one side of the element. DIAGRAM L

38. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Components Thermostat (cont.) Electricity (line voltage) is applied across terminal L1 and terminal L3 of the thermostat. The ECO (Energy Cut Off) is closed, so there is voltage at terminal L4 and to one side of the element. Single Element (single thermostat) DIAGRAM L When the tank is cold, the thermostat will be closed at terminal T2. When this happens, the circuit will be completed and will allow the current to flow through the element. When water temperature is cold DIAGRAM M

39. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Components Electricity (line voltage) is applied across terminal L1 and terminal L3 of the thermostat. The ECO (Energy Cut Off) is closed, so there is voltage at terminal L4 and to one side of the element. Thermostat (cont.) When the tank is cold, the thermostat will be closed at terminal T2. When this happens, the circuit will be completed and will allow the current to flow through the element. When water temperature is cold Single Element (single thermostat) DIAGRAM L DIAGRAM M When the water temperature is within the acceptable heated range, the flow through the element will be interrupted. This happens because terminal T2 opens, preventing the current from flowing. As a result, the system will be in stand-by mode. When water is heated DIAGRAM N

40. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Thermostat Components Double Element, Non-Simultaneous, Single Phase (two thermostats / two elements)

41. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Components Thermostat (cont.)

42. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Components Thermostat (cont.) Double Element, Non-Simultaneous, Single Phase (two thermostats / two elements)

43. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Components Thermostat (cont.) Double Element, Non-Simultaneous, Single Phase (two thermostats / two elements) Electricity (line voltage) is applied across terminal L1 and terminal L3 of the thermostat. The ECO (Energy Cut Off) is closed, so there is voltage at terminal L4 and to one side of the upper and lower elements.

44. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Components Electricity (line voltage) is applied across terminal L1 and terminal L3 of the thermostat. The ECO (Energy Cut Off) is closed, so there is voltage at terminal L4 and to one side of the upper and lower elements. Both thermostats will be closed at terminal T2 and terminal 2. The circuit will be complete through the upper thermostat only- allowing the current to flow through the upper element. When water temperature is cold Thermostat (cont.) Double Element, Non-Simultaneous, Single Phase (two thermostats / two elements)

45. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Components Electricity (line voltage) is applied across terminal L1 and terminal L3 of the thermostat. The ECO (Energy Cut Off) is closed, so there is voltage at terminal L4 and to one side of the upper and lower elements. Both thermostats will be closed at terminal T2 and terminal 2. The circuit will be complete through the upper thermostat only- allowing the current to flow through the upper element. When water temperature is cold Thermostat (cont.) Double Element, Non-Simultaneous, Single Phase (two thermostats / two elements) The upper thermostat will be satisfied, terminal T2 will be open, there will be no current to the upper element, and terminal T4 will be closed—allowing flow through the lower thermostat and the lower element. When water in the top half is optimally heated

46. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Components Electricity (line voltage) is applied across terminal L1 and terminal L3 of the thermostat. The ECO (Energy Cut Off) is closed, so there is voltage at terminal L4 and to one side of the upper and lower elements. Both thermostats will be closed at terminal T2 and terminal 2. The circuit will be complete through the upper thermostat only- allowing the current to flow through the upper element. The upper thermostat will be satisfied, terminal T2 will be open, there will be no current to the upper element, and terminal T4 will be closed—allowing flow through the lower thermostat and the lower element. When water temperature is cold When water in the top half is optimally heated Thermostat (cont.) Double Element, Non-Simultaneous, Single Phase (two thermostats / two elements) Because the lower thermostat is satisfied, terminal 2 will open and the lower element will no longer heat – placing the system in stand-by mode. When water in the bottom half is optimally heated

47. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Components Electricity (line voltage) is applied across terminal L1 and terminal L3 of the thermostat. The ECO (Energy Cut Off) is closed, so there is voltage at terminal L4 and to one side of the upper and lower elements. Both thermostats will be closed at terminal T2 and terminal 2. The circuit will be complete through the upper thermostat only- allowing the current to flow through the upper element. The upper thermostat will be satisfied, terminal T2 will be open, there will be no current to the upper element, and terminal T4 will be closed—allowing flow through the lower thermostat and the lower element. When water temperature is cold When water in the top half is optimally heated Because the lower thermostat is satisfied, terminal 2 will open and the lower element will no longer heat – placing the system in stand-by mode. When water in the bottom half is optimally heated Thermostat (cont.) Double Element, Non-Simultaneous, Single Phase (two thermostats / two elements) When the tank is cold, and in times of high demand, the upper thermostat will engage before the lower thermostat has reached it’s optimal temperature. Terminal T4 will open and terminal T2 will close. As a result, only the upper element will heat. On and Off Cycling

48. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Thermostat Components Double Element, Simultaneous, Single Phase, 4 Wire Service (two thermostats / two elements)

49. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Components Thermostat (cont.)

50. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Components Double Element, Simultaneous, Single Phase, 4 Wire Service (two thermostats / two elements) Thermostat (cont.)

51. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Components Double Element, Simultaneous, Single Phase, 4 Wire Service (two thermostats / two elements) Thermostat (cont.) Electricity (line voltage) for circuit one is applied across terminal L1 and terminal L3 of the lower thermostat. Voltage for circuit two is applied across terminal L1 and terminal L3 of the upper thermostat. The ECO (Energy Cut Off) in both thermostats is closed, so there is voltage at terminal L4 of each thermostat and to one side of the upper and lower elements. DIAGRAM T

52. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Components Double Element, Simultaneous, Single Phase, 4 Wire Service (two thermostats / two elements) Electricity (line voltage) for circuit one is applied across terminal L1 and terminal L3 of the lower thermostat. Voltage for circuit two is applied across terminal L1 and terminal L3 of the upper thermostat. The ECO (Energy Cut Off) in both thermostats is closed, so there is voltage at terminal L4 of each thermostat and to one side of the upper and lower elements. Thermostat (cont.) DIAGRAM T Both thermostats will be closed at terminal T2. The circuit will be complete through both thermostats-allowing the current to flow through both elements. When water temperature is cold DIAGRAM U

53. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Components Double Element, Simultaneous, Single Phase, 4 Wire Service (two thermostats / two elements) Electricity (line voltage) for circuit one is applied across terminal L1 and terminal L3 of the lower thermostat. Voltage for circuit two is applied across terminal L1 and terminal L3 of the upper thermostat. The ECO (Energy Cut Off) in both thermostats is closed, so there is voltage at terminal L4 of each thermostat and to one side of the upper and lower elements. Both thermostats will be closed at terminal T2. The circuit will be complete through both thermostats-allowing the current to flow through both elements. Thermostat (cont.) When water temperature is cold DIAGRAM TDIAGRAM U Once either thermostat is satisfied, terminal T2 will be open and there will be no current to the corresponding element. Once both thermostats are satisfied, the system will be in stand-by mode. Thermostats will operate independent of one another. When water in either half is optimally heated DIAGRAM V

54. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Thermostat Components Double Element, Non-Simultaneous, Single Phase, Off Peak (two thermostats / two elements)

55. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Components Thermostat (cont.)

56. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Components Double Element, Non-Simultaneous, Single Phase, Off Peak (two thermostats / two elements) Thermostat (cont.)

57. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Components Double Element, Non-Simultaneous, Single Phase, Off Peak (two thermostats / two elements) Thermostat (cont.) Electricity (line voltage) is applied across terminal L1 and terminal L3 of the upper thermostat. Line voltage from off peak meter is supplied to terminal L1 of lower thermostat. The ECO (Energy Cut Off) in the upper thermostat is closed, so there is voltage at terminal L4 of the upper thermostat and to one side of the upper element.

58. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Components Double Element, Non-Simultaneous, Single Phase, Off Peak (two thermostats / two elements) Thermostat (cont.) Electricity (line voltage) is applied across terminal L1 and terminal L3 of the upper thermostat. Line voltage from off peak meter is supplied to terminal L1 of lower thermostat. The ECO (Energy Cut Off) in the upper thermostat is closed, so there is voltage at terminal L4 of the upper thermostat and to one side of the upper element. Both thermostats will be closed at terminal T2. The circuit will be complete through the upper thermostat only - allowing the current to flow through the upper element. When water temperature is cold

59. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Components Double Element, Non-Simultaneous, Single Phase, Off Peak (two thermostats / two elements) Thermostat (cont.) Electricity (line voltage) is applied across terminal L1 and terminal L3 of the upper thermostat. Line voltage from off peak meter is supplied to terminal L1 of lower thermostat. The ECO (Energy Cut Off) in the upper thermostat is closed, so there is voltage at terminal L4 of the upper thermostat and to one side of the upper element. Both thermostats will be closed at terminal T2. The circuit will be complete through the upper thermostat only- allowing the current to flow through the upper element. When water temperature is cold The upper thermostat will be satisfied, terminal T2 will be open, there will be no current to the upper element, and terminal T4 will be closed— allowing flow through one side of the lower thermostat. With the circuit through the lower thermostat and off peak meter now complete, there will be flow through the lower element. When water in the top half is optimally heated

60. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Components Double Element, Non-Simultaneous, Single Phase, Off Peak (two thermostats / two elements) Thermostat (cont.) Electricity (line voltage) is applied across terminal L1 and terminal L3 of the upper thermostat. Line voltage from off peak meter is supplied to terminal L1 of lower thermostat. The ECO (Energy Cut Off) in the upper thermostat is closed, so there is voltage at terminal L4 of the upper thermostat and to one side of the upper element. Both thermostats will be closed at terminal T2. The circuit will be complete through the upper thermostat only - allowing the current to flow through the upper element. The upper thermostat will be satisfied, terminal T2 will be open, there will be no current to the upper element, and terminal T4 will be closed— allowing flow through one side of the lower thermostat. With the circuit through the lower thermostat and off peak meter now complete, there will be flow through the lower element. When water temperature is cold When water in the top half is optimally heated Because the lower thermostat is satisfied, terminal T2 will open and the lower element will no longer heat – placing the system in stand- by mode. When water in the bottom half is optimally heated

61. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Components Double Element, Non-Simultaneous, Single Phase, Off Peak (two thermostats / two elements) Thermostat (cont.) Electricity (line voltage) is applied across terminal L1 and terminal L3 of the upper thermostat. Line voltage from off peak meter is supplied to terminal L1 of lower thermostat. The ECO (Energy Cut Off) in the upper thermostat is closed, so there is voltage at terminal L4 of the upper thermostat and to one side of the upper element. Both thermostats will be closed at terminal T2. The circuit will be complete through the upper thermostat only - allowing the current to flow through the upper element. The upper thermostat will be satisfied, terminal T2 will be open, there will be no current to the upper element, and terminal T4 will be closed— allowing flow through one side of the lower thermostat. With the circuit through the lower thermostat and off peak meter now complete, there will be flow through the lower element. When water temperature is cold When water in the top half is optimally heated Because the lower thermostat is satisfied, terminal T2 will open and the lower element will no longer heat – placing the system in stand- by mode. When water in the bottom half is optimally heated The off peak meter will interrupt power to terminal L1 of the lower thermostat. Only the top thermostat / element combination is allowed to operate. Note: the local utility will determine high demand times. Peak Power Demands

62. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Electrical Components

63. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Components Including knockout hole, flexible conduit, conduit connector, and grounding wire Electrical Cover Plate / Junction Box Cover The electrical cover plate serves as both the cover and as the ground.

64. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Components Including knockout hole, flexible conduit, conduit connector, and grounding wire Electrical Cover Plate / Junction Box Cover The function of the flexible conduit is to hold and protect the electrical wiring between the electrical access point and incoming external electrical source.

65. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Components Including knockout hole, flexible conduit, conduit connector, and grounding wire Electrical Cover Plate / Junction Box Cover The conduit connector is thread into the knockout hole. The conduit will be fitted into the conduit connector.

66. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Components Including knockout hole, flexible conduit, conduit connector, and grounding wire Electrical Cover Plate / Junction Box Cover If there is no established hole (i.e., on the electrical cover plate), there should be a knockout hole available near the cover plate. Once the hole cover has been removed, the wires will eventually feed into this hole to provide the electrical source to the water heater.

67. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Remaining Components

68. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Remaining Components Heating Elements

69. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Remaining Components Heating Elements This is a screw in heating element for a residential water heater.

70. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Remaining Components Heating Elements This is a screw in heating element for a residential water heater. Electricity is supplied to the heating element when the thermostat registers a pre-determined drop in water temperature.

71. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Remaining Components Heating Elements This is a screw in heating element for a residential water heater. Electricity is supplied to the heating element when the thermostat registers a pre-determined drop in water temperature. Electricity is supplied to the heating element when the thermostat registers a pre- determined drop in water temperature. The element(s) then heat the water until it reaches a pre-determined temperature. The thermostat will then prevent the electricity from reaching the element—until the water has become too cool again—when the cycle will repeat.

72. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Remaining Components Heating Elements This is a screw in heating element for a residential water heater. Electricity is supplied to the heating element when the thermostat registers a pre-determined drop in water temperature. The screw in heating element is A simple U-shape element. The ad- vantage of this element is cost-effectiveness. Electricity is supplied to the heating element when the thermostat registers a pre- determined drop in water temperature. The element(s) then heat the water until it reaches a pre-determined temperature. The thermostat will then prevent the electricity from reaching the element—until the water has become too cool again—when the cycle will repeat. connected to the water heater with a large thread and nut. The Element pictured (lower left), is

73. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Remaining Components Heating Elements Another heating elements design is the folded back version. Pictured below (side right). The advantage of this design is its ability to prevent mineral buildup. The cost is a disadvantage when compared to the more widely used, simple, U-shape element. This is a screw in heating element for a residential water heater. Electricity is supplied to the heating element when the thermostat registers a pre-determined drop in water temperature. The screw in heating element is A simple U-shape element. The ad- vantage of this element is cost-effectiveness. Electricity is supplied to the heating element when the thermostat registers a pre- determined drop in water temperature. The element(s) then heat the water until it reaches a pre-determined temperature. The thermostat will then prevent the electricity from reaching the element—until the water has become too cool again—when the cycle will repeat. connected to the water heater with a large thread and nut. The Element pictured (lower left), is

74. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Remaining Components Heating Elements Another heating elements design is the folded back version. Pictured below (side right). The advantage of this design is its ability to prevent mineral buildup. The cost is a disadvantage when compared to the more widely used, simple, U-shape element. This is a screw in heating element for a residential water heater. Electricity is supplied to the heating element when the thermostat registers a pre-determined drop in water temperature. The screw in heating element is A simple U-shape element. The ad- vantage of this element is cost-effectiveness. Electricity is supplied to the heating element when the thermostat registers a pre- determined drop in water temperature. The element(s) then heat the water until it reaches a pre-determined temperature. The thermostat will then prevent the electricity from reaching the element—until the water has become too cool again—when the cycle will repeat. connected to the water heater with a large thread and nut. The Element pictured (lower left), is

75. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Remaining Components Hot Water Outlet Components

76. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Remaining Components Hot Water Outlet Components Hot Water Outlet (also known as the heat-out pipe) Hot Water Outlet/Anode

77. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Remaining Components Hot Water Outlet Components The hot water outlet carries the heated water to the household appliances. Because of the way hot water raises above cold water, the water that exits through the hot water outlet will be the hottest water available in the tank. Hot Water Outlet (also known as the heat-out pipe) Hot Water Outlet/Anode

78. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Remaining Components Hot Water Outlet Components The hot water outlet carries the heated water to the household appliances. Because of the way hot water raises above cold water, the water that exits through the hot water outlet will be the hottest water available in the tank. Hot Water Outlet (also known as the heat-out pipe) Heat Trap Insert Hot Water Outlet/Anode Heat Trap Insert (Outlet)

79. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Remaining Components Hot Water Outlet Components The hot water outlet carries the heated water to the household appliances. Because of the way hot water raises above cold water, the water that exits through the hot water outlet will be the hottest water available in the tank. The heat trap insert prevents excessive heat loss through the outlet piping. A good heat trap insert would reduce standby heat loss up to 40% or more. Hot Water Outlet (also known as the heat-out pipe) Heat Trap Insert Hot Water Outlet/Anode Heat Trap Insert (Outlet)

80. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Remaining Components The older version of heat trap inserts utilize a ball, which is prone to making noise. The newer versions are quieter. Hot Water Outlet Components The hot water outlet carries the heated water to the household appliances. Because of the way hot water raises above cold water, the water that exits through the hot water outlet will be the hottest water available in the tank. The heat trap insert prevents excessive heat loss through the outlet piping. A good heat trap insert would reduce standby heat loss up to 40% or more. Hot Water Outlet (also known as the heat-out pipe) Heat Trap Insert Hot Water Outlet/Anode Heat Trap Insert (Outlet)

81. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Remaining Components Cold Water Inlet (Dip Tube) Components

82. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Remaining Components Cold Water Inlet (Dip Tube) Components Cold Water Inlet (also known as the Dip Tube) Cold Water Inlet Dip Tube

83. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Remaining Components Cold Water Inlet (Dip Tube) Components The cold water inlet draws water into the water heater; Once in the tank, it travels to the bottom of the tank to be heated. Cold Water Inlet Dip Tube Cold Water Inlet (also known as the Dip Tube)

84. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Remaining Components Cold Water Inlet (Dip Tube) Components Heat Trap Insert (Inlet) Cold Water Inlet Dip Tube The cold water inlet draws water into the water heater; Once in the tank, it travels to the bottom of the tank to be heated. Cold Water Inlet (also known as the Dip Tube) Heat Trap Inserts

85. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Remaining Components Cold Water Inlet (Dip Tube) Components Heat Trap Insert (Inlet) Cold Water Inlet Dip Tube The cold water inlet draws water into the water heater; Once in the tank, it travels to the bottom of the tank to be heated. Cold Water Inlet (also known as the Dip Tube) The heat trap inserts prevent excessive heat loss through the outlet piping. A good set of heat trap inserts would reduce standby heat loss up to 40% or more. Heat Trap Inserts

86. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Remaining Components Cold Water Inlet (Dip Tube) Components Heat Trap Insert (Inlet) Cold Water Inlet Dip Tube The cold water inlet draws water into the water heater; Once in the tank, it travels to the bottom of the tank to be heated. Cold Water Inlet (also known as the Dip Tube) The older version of heat trap inserts utilize a ball, which is prone to making noise. The newer versions are quieter. The heat trap inserts prevent excessive heat loss through the outlet piping. A good set of heat trap inserts would reduce standby heat loss up to 40% or more. Heat Trap Inserts

87. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Remaining Components Sacrificial Anode

88. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Remaining Components Sacrificial Anode The sacrificial anode rod draws to itself the harmful conductivity caused by oxygen, magnesium, fluoride, chlorine and suspended particles within the tank. In essence, it sacrifices itself by drawing this conductivity and allowing itself to be the focus of corrosion before the tank becomes deteriorated. Sacrificial Anode

89. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Remaining Components Sacrificial Anode The sacrificial anode rod draws to itself the harmful conductivity caused by oxygen, magnesium, fluoride, chlorine and suspended particles within the tank. In essence, it sacrifices itself by drawing this conductivity and allowing itself to be the focus of corrosion before the tank becomes deteriorated. Sacrificial Anode Not all water heaters have a sacrificial anode rod. Once the anode rod becomes corroded, it can cause a bad odor. The odor has been described as similar to rotten eggs.

90. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Remaining Components Sacrificial Anode The sacrificial anode rod draws to itself the harmful conductivity caused by oxygen, magnesium, fluoride, chlorine and suspended particles within the tank. In essence, it sacrifices itself by drawing this conductivity and allowing itself to be the focus of corrosion before the tank becomes deteriorated. Sacrificial Anode Not all water heaters have a sacrificial anode rod. Once the anode rod becomes corroded, it can cause a bad odor. The odor has been described as similar to rotten eggs. However, this odor can also be caused by having an anode made of the wrong type of material. Sometimes, switching from one type (magnesium, zinc aluminum) to another can solve the problem.

91. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Remaining Components T&P Relief Valve Alternative Placement for the T&P Relief Valve Temperature & Pressure Relief Valve

92. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Remaining Components The T&P Relief Valve (two devices in one) protects the water heater from damage and explosion by preventing high water temperatures and high pressure build up. T&P Relief Valve Alternative Placement for the T&P Relief Valve Temperature & Pressure Relief Valve

93. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Remaining Components The T&P Relief Valve (two devices in one) protects the water heater from damage and explosion by preventing high water temperatures and high pressure build up. T&P Relief Valve Alternative Placement for the T&P Relief Valve Temperature & Pressure Relief Valve Not all water heaters have the combined T&P Relief Valve—it’s important to note that Oregon Law requires either:

94. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Remaining Components The T&P Relief Valve (two devices in one) protects the water heater from damage and explosion by preventing high water temperatures and high pressure build up. T&P Relief Valve Alternative Placement for the T&P Relief Valve Temperature & Pressure Relief Valve Not all water heaters have the combined T&P Relief Valve—it’s important to note that Oregon Law requires either: A Temperature Relief Valve AND a Pressure Relief Valve OR A T&P Relief Valve

95. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Remaining Components The T&P Relief Valve (two devices in one) protects the water heater from damage and explosion by preventing high water temperatures and high pressure build up. T&P Relief Valve Alternative Placement for the T&P Relief Valve Temperature & Pressure Relief Valve Not all water heaters have the combined T&P Relief Valve—it’s important to note that Oregon Law requires either: A Temperature Relief Valve AND a Pressure Relief Valve OR A T&P Relief Valve The T&P Relief Valve responds to excessive pressure by opening at the set pressure point of the valve.

96. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Remaining Components T&P Relief Valve Alternative Placement for the T&P Relief Valve Temperature & Pressure Relief Valve The T&P Relief Valve responds to excessive pressure by opening at the set pressure point of the valve. When it senses a build up of pressure, it opens to relieve the thermal expansion and returns the pressure back to normal. The T&P Relief Valve (two devices in one) protects the water heater from damage and explosion by preventing high water temperatures and high pressure build up. Not all water heaters have the combined T&P Relief Valve—it’s important to note that Oregon Law requires either: A Temperature Relief Valve AND a Pressure Relief Valve OR A T&P Relief Valve

97. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Remaining Components The T&P Relief Valve (two devices in one) protects the water heater from damage and explosion by preventing high water temperatures and high pressure build up. T&P Relief Valve Alternative Placement for the T&P Relief Valve Temperature & Pressure Relief Valve Not all water heaters have the combined T&P Relief Valve—it’s important to note that Oregon Law requires either: A Temperature Relief Valve AND a Pressure Relief Valve OR A T&P Relief Valve The T&P Relief Valve responds to excessive pressure by opening at the set pressure point of the valve. When it senses a build up of pressure, it opens to relieve the thermal expansion and returns the pressure back to normal. When the temperature of the water reaches 210 degrees, the T&P Relief Valve discharges the overheated water, allowing the cooler water to enter the tank and bring temperatures back to normal.

98. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Remaining Components Overflow Pipe The overflow pipe, connected to the temperature / pressure relief valve, directs leaking water away from the tank and to the floor. Diagram K1 Overflow Pipe

99. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Remaining Components Shut-Off Valve (Water Supply Valve)

100. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Remaining Components Whether the cold water shut-off valve, otherwise known as a water supply valve, is the gate or ball style—its function is to stop the flow of water into the tank. The ball valve is the more widely used of the two. Shut-Off Ball Valve Shut-Off Valve (Water Supply Valve) Shut-Off Gate Valve

101. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Remaining Components Drain Valve

102. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Remaining Components Drain Valve The drain valve is available in several different designs. Regardless of the design, its purpose is the same.

103. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Remaining Components Drain Valve The drain valve is available in several different designs. Regardless of the design, its purpose is the same. The drain valve will be opened to release water from the tank and closed to prevent water from exiting through the bottom of the tank.

104. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Remaining Components Earthquake Ties

105. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Remaining Components Earthquake Ties In seismic design categories C, D, E, and F, water heaters shall be anchored or strapped to resist horizontal displacement due to earthquake motion. Return to Installing the Residential Hot Water Heater

106. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Remaining Components Earthquake Ties In seismic design categories C, D, E, and F, water heaters shall be anchored or strapped to resist horizontal displacement due to earthquake motion. Exception: Water heaters in residential structures in seismic design category C are not required to be strapped or anchored to resist horizontal displacement due to earthquake motion. Return to Installing the Residential Hot Water Heater

107. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Remaining Components Earthquake Ties Earthquake Ties In seismic design categories C, D, E, and F, water heaters shall be anchored or strapped to resist horizontal displacement due to earthquake motion. Exception: Water heaters in residential structures in seismic design category C are not required to be strapped or anchored to resist horizontal displacement due to earthquake motion. Return to Installing the Residential Hot Water Heater

108. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Remaining Components Earthquake Ties Earthquake Ties In seismic design categories C, D, E, and F, water heaters shall be anchored or strapped to resist horizontal displacement due to earthquake motion. Strapping shall be at points within the upper one-third (1/3) and lower one-third (1/3) of its vertical dimensions. Exception: Water heaters in residential structures in seismic design category C are not required to be strapped or anchored to resist horizontal displacement due to earthquake motion. Return to Installing the Residential Hot Water Heater

109. Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved. Understanding Functions of Remaining Components Earthquake Ties Earthquake Ties In seismic design categories C, D, E, and F, water heaters shall be anchored or strapped to resist horizontal displacement due to earthquake motion. At the lower point, a distance of not less than four (4) inches (102 mm) shall be maintained above the controls with the strapping. Strapping shall be at points within the upper one-third (1/3) and lower one-third (1/3) of its vertical dimensions. Exception: Water heaters in residential structures in seismic design category C are not required to be strapped or anchored to resist horizontal displacement due to earthquake motion. Return to Installing the Residential Hot Water Heater