1. DOD Organization Mission & Organization of the Armed Forces

2. Reading Assignment
Naval Officer’s Guide, Chapter 12

3. Learning Objectives The student will know . . .
(1) the current organization and missions of the Department of Defense, and the relationship of this organization to the Armed Forces, the National Security Council, Joint Chiefs of Staff, and unified and specified commands.
(2) the major missions of the US Army, US Air Force, and US Coast Guard

4. Learning Objectives The student will know . . .
(3) the major organizational components of the US Army, US Air Force, and US Coast Guard
(4) the mission and organization of the U.S. Merchant Marine as an element of Nat’l Defense preparedness
(5) the role of commissioned officers as members of the US Armed Forces and know the obligations and responsibilities assumed by taking the Oath of Office, accepting a commission, and the constitutional requirement for civilian control.

5. Learning Objectives The student will know . . .
(6) the concept of command and control as exercise of authority and direction by a properly designated commander over assigned forces in the accomplishment of a mission.
(7) the concepts of naval command and control within the Armed Forces
(8) the chain of operational command from the National Command Authority to the platform commander.

6. DOD Organization
The DOD was created by the National Security Act of 1947.
(Shortly after the end of WWII.)
It was established as an executive department of the government by the National Security Act Amendments of 1949.
Headed by the Secretary of Defense (SECDEF)

7. DOD Organization Three primary provisions of the amendments:
Establishment of 3 military departments (Army, Navy, Air Force) under the SECDEF
Organization of each military department under its own secretary
Establishment of unified and specified commands.

8. DOD Organization
Intent of the National Security Act and its amendments:
Increase civilian control of the Armed Forces to be consistent with Constitutional requirements
Eliminate unnecessary duplication
Provide more efficient inter-service cooperation
Provide a unified strategic direction of the Armed Forces

9. DOD Organization Missions of the DOD:
To support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies
Protect the United States, its possessions, and areas vital to its interests
Advance the policies and interests of the United States
Safeguard the internal security of the United States

10. The Secretary of Defense
The Office of SECDEF was created by the National Security Act of 1947 as the successor to the Secretary of War.
SECDEF is the principal defense policy advisor to the President
Responsible for the formulation of general defense policy

11. The Secretary of Defense
Who holds this office today?

12. The Secretary of Defense
Who holds this office today?
The Honorable Robert M. Gates

13. The Joint Chiefs of Staff
Established informally during WWII and was modeled after the British Chiefs of Staff.
National Security Act of 1947 made this a permanent agency.

14. Chairman of the Joint Chiefs
Appointed by the President from the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps
The principal military advisor to the President, NSC, and SECDEF.
This person may not exercise military command over the JCS or any of the armed services.

15. Joint Chiefs of Staff

16. Unified and Specified Commands
Allow for joint operations between the armed services. In other words, we can effectively combine forces.
The National Security Act requires that each service must coordinate to fulfill certain specific combat functions.

17. Unified Commands composed of forces from two or more services
has a broad and continuing mission
normally organized on a geographic basis
Ex. US CENTCOM

18. Specified Commands also have a broad and continuing mission
organized on a functional basis
normally made up of forces from a single service and a functional basis.
(ex: Forces Command is primarily an Army command)

19. Operational Commands Used for direction of actual combatant forces
Consist of task groups, task forces, etc.
Normally change as one deploys

20. Operational Chain of Command

21. Administrative Commands
Provide support for the operational forces
Normally located in CONUS because they provide at-home support

22. Administrative Chain of Command

23. US Army: Mission & Functions
A “Force Projection” Army
Primary mission
To prepare land forces for war
To fight our country’s wars and win

24. US Army: Mission & Functions
Three phases or elements in an Army operation:
Mobilization (Active and Reserve Units)
Deployment
Operational
Operations may or may not involve conflict
OOTW - Operations Other than War
Disaster relief, drug interdiction, fighting forest fires, etc.

25. US Army: Mission & Functions
Functions of the US Army
Organize, train, and equip forces for land- combat operations designed to defeat enemy land forces, seize and occupy land areas
Provide air defense units to defend friendly territory from air attack
Coordinate for joint amphibious operations with other services
Conduct special operations

26. US Army: Mission & Functions
Functions of the US Army
Develop doctrines, procedures, and plans in conjunction with other services engaged in airborne operations
Train and provide occupational forces and establishment of military government
Provide humanitarian relief during national disasters

27. US Army: Mission & Functions
Functions of the US Army
Assist civilian communities during disturbances
Assist with civic action programs

28. US Army organizational components
Basic branches
Infantry
Armor
Field artillery
Air defense artillery
Aviation
Special Forces
Corps of Engineers
Signal Corps
Military Police Corps
Military Intelligence
Civil Affairs
Adjutant General Corps
Finance Corps
Chemical Corps
Ordnance Corps
Quartermaster Corps

29. US Army organizational components
Special branches
Judge Advocate General Corps (JAG)
Chaplain Corps
Medical Corps
Dental Corps
Veterinary Corps
Nurse Corps
Medical Specialist Corps
Medical Service Corps

30. US Army organization Secretary of the Army (Civilian) Staffs
Office of the Chief of Staff
General Staff
Special Staff
Army Reserve
National Guard

31. US Army Tactical Organization
From smallest to largest:
Squad ( individuals)
Platoon (2 or more squads, led by LT)
Company (2 or more platoons, led by CAPT)
Battalion (2 or more companies, led by LCOL)
Brigade (2 or more battalions, led by COL, BGEN)
Division (up to 15 battalions)
Corps (largest tactical unit)

32. US Army Organization

33. US Air Force Missions Strategic aerospace offense
Strategic aerospace defense
Counter air
Air interdiction (AI)
Close-air support (CAS)
Airlift
Aerospace surveillance and reconnaissance
Aerospace maritime operations

34. US Air Force Strategic aerospace offense
The objective is to neutralize or destroy an enemy’s war-sustaining capabilities or will to fight.
Attacks directed against an enemy’s key military, political, and economic power base.
(Example: NATO vs. Yugoslavia in Kosovo)

35. US Air Force Strategic aerospace defense
Integrate aerospace warning, control, and intercept forces to detect, identify, and destroy enemy forces attacking our nation’s war- sustaining capabilities or will to fight.
SAD forces provide warning and assessment of strategic attack to the NCA through extensive network or warning sensors, both on the earth’s surface and throughout aerospace.

36. US Air Force Counter Air
Objectives are to gain control of the aerospace environment.
Offensive Counter Air (OCA)
Suppression of enemy air defense (SEAD)
Defensive Counter Air (DCA)

37. US Air Force Air Interdiction (AI)
The objectives are to delay, disrupt, divert, or destroy an enemy’s military potential before it can be brought to bear effectively against friendly forces.

38. US Air Force Close-air support (CAS)
Support ground operations by attacking hostile targets near friendly ground forces.
Requires detailed coordination with friendly forces.

39. US Air Force Special Operations
Influence accomplishment of strategic or tactical objectives through low-visibility, covert ops.
Conducted in enemy-controlled areas

40. US Air Force
Airlift
Deploy, employ, and sustain military forces through transportation of men, equipment, & supplies.
Combat missions
Air drop
Extraction
Air landing of ground forces & supplies into combat

41. US Air Force Airlift Combat support missions
Logistics support transportation of personnel & equipment
Two perspectives of airlift
Strategic: Inter-theater
Tactical: Intra-theater

42. US Air Force Aerospace surveillance & reconnaissance
Collect information from airborne, orbital, & surface-based sensors.
Reconnaissance ops directed toward localized or specific targets.

43. US Air Force Aerospace maritime ops
Neutralize or destroy enemy naval forces
Protect friendly naval forces & shipping

44. US Air Force Organization

45. US Coast Guard
Newly defined role under The Department of Homeland Security – cabinet level –
Pres. Bush est. this department in response to Sep 11th terrorist attacks.

46. US Coast Guard Missions Enforcement of all maritime laws and treaties
Search and rescue (SAR)
Enforcement of national anti-drug policy
Maintenance of all aids to navigation
Ice-breaking operations
Scientific research projects
Environmental cleanup & control

47. US Coast Guard Missions, cont’d.
Fulfill any military function as directed
Boating safety in inland lakes & waterways
Military reconnaissance (wartime)
Safeguard ports & harbors
Investigation of marine disasters in domestic waters (TWA Flight 800, JFK Jr.)
Instruct general public on boating safety

48. US Coast Guard organization

49. U.S. Merchant Marines Mission
Augment overseas lifting capabilities of the Air Force, Navy and Marine Corps personnel, equipment and stores.
Organization – Maritime Administration (MARAD) – part of DOT
MARAD administers the officer training program at the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy

50. Possible test questions
What act of Congress created the DoD?
What are the SECDEF’s responsibilities?
Who makes up the JCS?
What is a unified command? Specified command?
What is the mission of the Army? Air Force? Coast Guard?
What are some of the functions of the Army? Air Force? Coast Guard?

51. Paper/Presentation Guidance
5 to 6 minutes, ppt, ovhd etc….acceptable
Overview of paper – hit the main points and be ready to answer questions –
Paper –
As per syllabus – What, when why, who, where…
Content – get into what happened (sequence of events), why it happened, could it have been prevented (be careful here), what was the outcome…
Strategic Implications…..