1. BASIC NURSING BY
EVELYN SUNNU (MRS)

2. INTRODUCTION
Nursing today is far different from what was practiced years ago and it is expected to continue changing during the 21st century.
To comprehend present day nursing and to prepare for the future,
one must understand not only past events but also the sociological and historical factors that affect it

3. Women’s Roles
Traditional female roles of wife, mother, daughter, and sister have always included the care and nurturing of other family members.
From the beginning of time, women have cared for infants and children thus, nursing could be said to have its roots in the HOME.
Traditional nursing role has always entailed humanistic caring, nurturing, comforting and supporting.

4. Women’s Roles
Throughout history, wars have accentuated the need for nurses.
During the Crimean War in , the inadequacy of care given to soldiers led to a public outcry in Great Britain.
The role Florence Nightingale played in addressing this problem is well known

5. DEFITION OF NURSING
FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE defined Nursing nearly 150 years ago as the act of utilizing the environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery (1860/ 1969).
She considered a clean, well-ventilated and quite environment essential for recovery.
In the latter half of 20th century, a number of nurse theorist have developed their own theoretical definitions of nursing such as;

6. DEFINITION CONT. Nursing is caring Nursing is an act
Nursing is a science
Nursing is client centered
Nursing is holistic

7. WHO IS A NURSE?

8. NURSES

9. HOSPITAL BED

10. HOSPITAL BED
BED is equipment used by patients/ clients; therefore it has to be design for comfort and safety.
It should be adaptable to various positions as required.
Hospital patients spend varying amount of the day in bed, so, its comfort is of considerable importance.

11. HOSPITAL BED To ensure this, the bed should be fresh,
free from crumbs and creases.
The pillows should arranged to give support where necessary.

12. THE BEDSTEADS
Hospital bedsteads are usually made of metals with wire springs inside.
Its smooth outline facilitates cleaning and prevents it from collection of dust and pathogens.
The most common size/standard length is approximately six (6) feet, six inches (1.9m) by three feet 0.9 m (width) and it is placed five feet apart.

13. BED STEAD
A hospital bed should be 65cm to 70cm (26 to 28 inches) from the floor, this prevents undue musculoskeletal strain on the nurse and the client.
It has four wheels under it for easy movement.

14. HOSPITAL BEDSTEAD

15. MATRESSES
The typical hospital bed consists of a firm mattress on a metal frame that can be raised and lowered horizontally.
They are made up of latex foam, air, water etc.
They are covered with a protective waterproof material that resists soiling and can be cleaned easily.

16. BOLSTERS They are stuffed with hair and feather.
It is a long thick round pillow that is placed across the top of a bed under the other pillows.

17. BLANKETS These are made up of synthetics or wool. Functions
they are used to provide necessary warmth for the patient without too much weight on him or her

18. COUNTERPANES
They are made up of bright, durable and colorful material.
They are light in color and in weight
They are used to decorate the bed

19. COTTON DRAW SHEET These are made up of fairly heavy cotton material.
The standard size is two yards and one and half yards long.
They are placed under the patient buttocks across the bed to protect the bed linen from getting soiled.
It is also drawn to give patient a clean cool fresh piece of sheet to lie on.

20. CONTERPANE

21. WATERPROOF DRAW SHEETS/ MACKINTOSH
These consist of rubber, plastic sheet about thirty Inches Square with a piece of material stitched to each end.
It is tucked in and held firmly under the cotton draw sheet to protect the bed from getting soiled.

22. BED LINEN / BED SHEET These are made up of cotton polyesters or linen.
They are used to cover the bed.
also to cover the patient to provide warmth  

23. LONG WATERPROOF SHEET They are made of canvas or rubber.
It is thick and long enough to stretch over the whole mattress with excess to tuck in at the top and bottom of the bed.
to prevent the bed linen from getting soiled.

24. RULES FOR MAKING HOSPITAL BED
Collect all requirements before starting.
Two nurses are required and they should work in harmony, avoiding jerky movements and jarring the bed.
Never cover the patients FACE with sheet or blanket.
Never expose the patient

25. RULES FOR MAKING BED Call for extra assistance to lift the patient.
Turn away from the patient, when shaking bed linen and pillows.
Conversation during bed making should include the patient, not on personal matters between nurses

26. TYPES OF BED MAKING Simple bed Unoccupied bed Simple occupied bed
Admission bed
Operation bed

27. TYPES OF BED MAKING
Cardiac bed
Fracture bed
Nephrotic bed
Divided bed

28. TYPES OF BED MAKING Changing bottom sheet from top to bottom
Changing bottom sheet from side to side
Amputation bed above knee
Amputation below knee.
Bed for drying POP

29. REQUIREMENTS FOR MAKING SIMPLE UNOCCUPIED BED
Two bed linen
One counterpane
One draw sheet
One long waterproof sheet
Two chairs
One Waterproof Sheets

30. PROCEDURE/ TASKS
Explain the procedure to the patient and provide privacy.
Arrange two chairs back to back at the foot end of the bed and carefully place the well folded bed linen on it.
Turn the mattress to prevent it from sagging

31. PROCEDURE/TASK
Place the long waterproof sheet on the bed and tuck it in all rounds on the mattress.
Place the bottom linen on the bed and miter/ envelop the four corners to secure the sheet on bed.
Place the draw mackintosh on the bed, well covered by the draw sheet

32. PROCEDURE/TASK CONT.
Place the top sheet on the bed and miter the corners.
Place the counterpane on the bed to beautify it.
Miter the corners as well.
Thank the patient and remove the chairs.
Document the procedure for continuity of care.

33. SIMPLE OCCUPIED BED

34. MAKING AN ADMISSION BED
Collects, arranges items on trolley and sends to bedside
Arranges items in order of use on a chair or heart table
Places bottom sheet evenly on the bed
Tucks the sheet evenly under the mattress at the top and bottom using enveloped corners

35. ADMISSION BED MAKING
Places draw mackintosh across bed and covers with draw sheet
Places long mackintosh on the bed
Uses one bath blanket or sheet over and tucks in all around or folds under itself
Places second bath blanket over the bed

36. ADMISSION BED MAKING Puts in hot water bottles if necessary
Puts on top bed clothes
Places counterpane loosely over the top bed clothes
Tuck in the bed clothes on the other side
Folds the bed clothes on the other side nearest to the door, leaving it open to facilitate quick admittance