1. Hierarchy of Iron Alloys

2. Numbering System

3. Low Carbon Steel

4. Medium Carbon Steel and its Alloys

5. With a small amount of Si, Fe 3 C →  -Fe and graphite Cast Iron

6. Clockwise from upper left: gray cast iron, nodular (ductile) cast iron, white iron and malleable iron

7. Stainless Steels

8. Tool Steels

9. Aluminum Alloys

10. Copper Alloys

11. Titanium Alloys

12. Magnesium Alloys

13. 5 Properties: --T melt for glass is moderate, but large for other ceramics. --Small toughness, ductility; large moduli & creep resist. Applications: --High T, wear resistant, novel uses from charge neutrality. Fabrication --some glasses can be easily formed --other ceramics can not be formed or cast. TAXONOMY OF CERAMICS

14. Need a material to use in high temperature furnaces. Consider Silica (SiO 2 ) - Alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) system. Phase diagram shows: mullite, alumina, and crystobalite (made up of SiO 2 ) tetrahedra as candidate refractories. 6 APPLICATION: REFRACTORIES

15. Die blanks: --Need wear resistant properties! 7 Die surface: --4  m polycrystalline diamond particles that are sintered on to a cemented tungsten carbide substrate. --polycrystalline diamond helps control fracture and gives uniform hardness in all directions. APPLICATION: DIE BLANKS

16. Steels: increase TS, hardness (and cost) by adding -C (low alloy steels) -Cr, V, Ni, Mo, W (high alloy steels) -Ductility usually decreases w/ additions Nonferrous: -Cu, Al, Ti, Mg Refractory, and noble metals Basic categories of ceramics: -Glasses -Clay products -Refactories -Cements -Advanced ceramics 10 SUMMARY