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Published byLucas Thomas Modified over 9 years ago
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Greek & Roman Gods & Goddesses
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Mount Olympus
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Jupiter Zeus -“King” of gods - God of sky & weather - Name related to “deus” and “dies” -“Jupiter Optimus Maximus;” “Jove” - Many love affairs - Thunderbolt & scepter
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Bronze “Zeus- Poseidon” 5 th c.
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Hera Juno -Wife & sister of Zeus - Goddess of women & childbirth - Jealousy -Seen with scepter
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Athena Minerva -Goddess of civilization: wisdom, weaving, crafts - Born out of Zeus’ head -Seen with helmet, aegis (breastplate) & owl
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Roman copy of Greek original
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Venus Aphrodite Born from sea-foam Goddess of beauty & love Married to Hephaestos/Vulcan but unfaithful Mother of Aeneas Seen with seashells, dolphins
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Roman fresco from Pompeii, 1 st c. AD
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Ares Mars -God of (savage) war / bloodlust - Originally god of agriculture -Protected city of Rome -Father of Romulus & Remus -Seen with armor
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Ludovisi Ares Roman copy of Greek original
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Hephaestus Vulcan -God of fire, volcanoes, blacksmiths/craftsmen -Crippled (clubfoot) - Patron of alchemists in Renaissance
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Roman bronze, 1 st c.
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Apollo -God of medicine, music, sun -Spoke through oracle at Delphi -Leader of the Muses -Son of Leto and Jupiter -Seen with lyre, bow, tripod, laurel
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4 th c. BC Apollo Belvedere
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Artemis Diana -Goddess of hunt -Virgin -Sister of Apollo -Worshipped at Ephesus most of all -Seen with deer
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Artemis of the Ephesians
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Poseidon Neptune -God of sea, horses and earthquakes -Seen with trident
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Dionysus Bacchus Liber -God of wine, theater, agriculture, peace -Shown with leopard skin & thyrsus (pinecone on stick) -Female followers (maenads/bacchantes)
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Michelangelo’s Bacchus, 1497
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Hermes Mercury -God of boundaries, travellers, shepherds, athletics, commerce, trade, thieves & liars - Messenger of gods, escorts dead to underworld - Seen with hat, winged shoes, herald’s staff (caduceus)
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Hermes of Praxiteles, 4 th c. BC
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17 th c. Flemish Giambologna, 15 th c. Italian
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Demeter Ceres -Goddess of grain, harvest, fertility -Mother of Persephone (who had to marry Hades and spend ½ of each year in Underworld) -Honored by Eleusinian Mysteries
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Hestia Vesta -Goddess of hearth & home -Much more important to Romans that to Greeks -Served by Vestal Virgins in Rome
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Hades Pluto -Underworld -Not important for Romans
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Lararium – the Lares
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