1. The nonvascular plants
Kingdom Plantae
Multicellular Algae
Bryophytes
The nonvascular plants
Tracheophytes
Vascular plants
Early vascular plants
Ferns and Fern Allies
Whisk ferns
Club mosses
Horsetails
True ferns
Seed plants
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms

2. Tracheophytes may reach more than a meter in height
Early vascular plants
(Ferns and fern allies)
Seed plants
(Gymnosperms and angiosperms)
may reach more than a meter in height
contain vascular tissues
tracheids in xylem
phloem
lignin-reinforced cell walls
with true roots, stems, and leaves

3. Corn root x.s. Corn stem x.s. Corn leaf x.s. Corn stem l.s.,

4. Early vascular plants seedless leaves with waxy cuticles
Ferns and Fern Allies
Lycophyta (Club mosses)
Sphenophyta
(Horse tails)
Psilophyta (Whisk ferns)
Pteridophyta (True ferns)
Early vascular plants
seedless
leaves with waxy cuticles
sporophylls with spores arranged in sori (sing. sorus)
depend on water for reproduction and nourishment
dominant diploid sporophyte stage

5. http://www. tomifobia. com/gallerya/pix/fiddlehead_fern1

6. Ferns and Fern Allies
Lycophyta (Club mosses)
Sphenophyta
(Horse tails)
Psilophyta (Whisk ferns)
Pteridophyta (True ferns)
Taxonomy
whiskferns have rhizoids with mycorrhizae, stems, and leaflike structures
Psilotum

7. Taxonomy abundant on early earth
Ferns and Fern Allies
Lycophyta (Club mosses)
Sphenophyta
(Horse tails)
Psilophyta (Whisk ferns)
Pteridophyta (True ferns)
Taxonomy
abundant on early earth
first forests
grew to 35m tall
fossilized remains  coal
extant species are club mosses in moist places (Lycopodium)

8. Taxonomy Equisetum (horsetail/scouring rush) only living genus
Ferns and Fern Allies
Lycophyta (Club mosses)
Sphenophyta
(Horse tails)
Psilophyta (Whisk ferns)
Pteridophyta (True ferns)
Taxonomy
Equisetum (horsetail/scouring rush) only living genus
can grow to a meter in length
leaves arranged in whorls around stems
contain abrasive silica

9. Taxonomy Ferns and Fern Allies Sphenophyta (Horse tails)
Lycophyta (Club mosses)
Sphenophyta
(Horse tails)
Psilophyta (Whisk ferns)
Pteridophyta (True ferns)
Taxonomy
since 350 mya
true vascular tissues, strong roots, underground stems called rhizomes, large leaves called fronds
shade plants found in wet habitats
sporangia in clusters of sori producing haploid spores
released spores carried by wind/water

10. http://www. southtexascollege

11. flowering plants with protected seeds
Spermatophytes
seed plants
Gymnosperms
naked seeds
Angiosperms
flowering plants with protected seeds
water NOT required for gamete fertilization!
gametes in sporophyte structures called flowers or cones
undergo pollination to transfer sperm from male gametophyte (in pollen grain) to female gametes
embryos contained within seeds with stored food supplies

12. http://www. uen. org/utahlink/tours/loadimg. cgi

13. Taxonomy Gymnosperms with vessel elements similar to angiosperms
naked seeds
Gnetophytes
Cycads
Ginkgoes
Conifers
Welwitschia
with vessel elements similar to angiosperms
wikipedia.org ,
Gnetum

14. Taxonomy Gymnosperms grow very slowly and are long-lived (~1000 years)
naked seeds
Gnetophytes
Cycads
Ginkgoes
Conifers
Cycas revoluta
grow very slowly and are long-lived (~1000 years)
palmlike plants with large cones
plants are dioecious (plants have separate sexes)

15. Taxonomy Gymnosperms “living fossil” with only one extant member
naked seeds
Gnetophytes
Cycads
Ginkgos
Conifers
Ginkgo biloba
“living fossil” with only one extant member

16. Taxonomy
Gymnosperms
naked seeds
Gnetophytes
Cycads
Ginkgos
Conifers
pine, spruce, fir, cedar, sequoia, redwood, yew, larch, cypress
long and thin leaves with waxy cuticles and sunken stomates

17. http://sharon-taxonomy2009-p3. wikispaces. com/file/view/Life_Cycle_GS

18. Flowering plants with protected seeds
Angiosperms
Flowering plants with protected seeds
Monocots
Dicots
Characteristics
Appeared on land during the Cretaceous period 135 mya
Dominant and most diverse form of plants
Reproductive organs called flowers with ovaries that surround and protects seeds
Ovaries  fruits (tissue surrounding seeds)

19. http://www. flora. dempstercountry. org/0. Site. Folder/Flower. terms