1. Doing business in India

2. Definition and Characteristics Interaction Between National and Organizational CulturesInteraction Between National and Organizational Cultures Some guidelines The Nature of Organizational Culture

3. Definition and Characteristic Definition Organizational culture has been defined as the Shared values and beliefs that enable members to understand their roles and the norms of the organization. Characteristics Regardless of how the term is defined, a number of important characteristics are associated with an organization's culture. these have been summarized as( the next page): The Nature of Organizational Culture

4. 1. Observed behavioral regularities, as typified by common language, terminology, and rituals. 2. Norms, as reflected by things such the amount of work to be done and the degree of cooperation between management and employees. 3. Dominant values that the organization advocates and expects participants to share, such as high product and service quality, low absenteeism, and high efficiency. 4. A philosophy that is set forth in the MNC's beliefs regarding how employees and customers should be treated. The Nature of Organizational Culture

5. 5. Rules that dictate the do's and don'ts of employee behavior relating to areas such as productivity, customer relations and intergroup cooperation. 6. Organizational climate, or the overall atmosphere of the enterprise as reflected by the way that participants interact with each other, conduct themselves with customers, and feel about the way they are treated by higher-level management. some examples about organizational culture Hoechst AG( 赫斯特公司 ) J.C. Penney( 彭尼公司 ) The Nature of Organizational Culture

6. Interaction Between National and Organizational Cultures The Nature of Organizational Culture 1. There is a widely held belief that organizational culture tends to moderate or erase the impact of national culture. In fact, evidence is accumulating that just the opposite may be true. 2. There often are substantial differences between the organizational cultures of different subsidiaries, and of course, this can cause coordination problems. And one thing is certain :The different cultures of the merged firms created a major challenge.

7. DOCSA Diagnosing Organization Culture for Strategic Application 1, Motivation 2,Relationship 3,Identify 4,Communication 5,Control 6,Conduct The Nature of Organizational Culture

8. Activities Job Corporate Open Tight conventional Outputs Person Professional Closed Loose pragmatic European Operations U.S. Operations

9. Table 3-2 European Management Characteristics Some contrast between French and Spanish McDonald's Tackles Eating Habits in Brazil The Nature of Organizational Culture

10. Some guidelines 1.It is important to be on time for meetings. 2.Personal questions should not be asked unless the other individual is a friend or close associate. 3.Titles are important, so people who are doctors or professors should be addressed accordingly. 4.Public displays of affection are considered to be inappropriate, so one should refrain from backslapping or touching others.

11. 5.Beckoning is done with the palm turned down; pointing often is done with the chin. 6.When eating or accepting things, use the right hand because the left is considered to be unclean. 7.The namaste gesture can be used to greet people; it also is used to convey other messages, including a signal that one has had enough food. 8.Bargaining for goods and services is common; this contrasts with Western traditions, where bargaining might be considered rude or abrasive.

12. The Nature of Organizational Culture 梦幻战将组合