1. Respiratory System

2. Respiratory system structure
Upper respiratory system
nose
Pharynx
larynx
Upper part Functions:
Filtration
Warming
Moistering
Sound produce
Lower respiratory system ( from the larynx down )
trachea
bronchi
Lungs
Functions = gas exchange

3. Figure 23.1

4. The Nose Otorhinolaryngology Function: Filtering Air Odors Detection
(Oto= Ear, Rhino= Nose, Larynx= Throat)
Function:
Filtering Air
Odors Detection
Amplifies The Voice
Moisture Addition
Warming Air

5. External nose
Cartilage
Nasal bones

6. Nasal chamber surface Superior surface Lateral surface
Ethmoeid
Sphenoied
Lateral surface
3 choncae ( superior - middle - inferior )
3 Meatuses ( superior - middle - inferior )
Meatuses function :
produce air turbulence
warm and humidify incoming air
trap particles
Inferior surface (floor of nasal cavity )
Hard palate + Soft palate
Medial surface ( septum )
the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone (superior)
the vomer (inferior)
septial cartilage (anterior)

9. Nostrils
Coana
nasal vestibule
contain of nasal hairs
first particle filtration system

10. Para nasal sinuses Maxillary sinus Ethmoied sinus Frontal sinus
Sphenoid sinus

11. The Pharynx A chamber shared by digestive and respiratory systems
Extends from internal coana to entrances to larynx and esophagus

12. The Nasopharynx Superior portion of the pharynx Contains :
pharyngeal tonsils C1
openings to left and right auditory tubes

13. The Oropharynx Middle portion of the pharynx C2
Communicates with oral cavity
Contain of palatal tonsils

15. The Laryngopharynx Inferior portion of the pharynx C3 , C4 , C5 , C6
Extends to esophagus

17. Larynx
Function :
air way & sound production
C3 ~ C6
4 cm
Glottis

18. Cartilages of the Larynx
unpaired :
thyroid
epiglotic
cricoid
Pair :
arytenoid
corniculate
cuneiform

20. The Glottis Two pairs of folds :
Vestibular folds or false vocal cords ( upper )
Vocal folds or true vocal cords ( lower )

21. Trachea Anterior to esophagus From the cricoid cartilage C6
At T5 it divides into right and left bronchi (CARINA )
Tracheal rings- composed of, in the shape of a “c”
15–20 tracheal cartilages ( hyaline cartilage ) :
The “c” opens posterior to allow the esophagus to expand while swallowing
Protect airway
Trachealis muscle

23. Bronchial division R & L bronchus Lobar bronchus ( 3 in R --- 2 in L )
Segmental bronchus
Bronchiole
Terminal Bronchiole
Respiratory Bronchiole
Alveolar duct
Alveolar sac

25. Lungs Base- inferior portion Apex- superior portion, narrow
Cone shaped organs
Lie in thoracic cavity
Separated by the mediastinum
surrounded by the pleural membrane
The pleural membrane has two layers:
Parietal pleura
Visceral pleura
Base- inferior portion
Apex- superior portion, narrow
Costal surface
Mediastinal -- contains 0f hilus

26. Right lung: Left lung: is wider is displaced upward by liver
Has 3 lobes: separated by horizontal and oblique fissures
Superior
Middle
inferior
Left lung:
is longer
cardiac notch
Has 2 lobes: are separated by an oblique fissure
Superior
inferior
10 segments per lung
Each segment contains lobules

28. Lobes (1)

29. Hillum

30. Radiographic Landmarks