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MUSICAL PERIODS
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Baroque Period 1600-1750 GERMANY, ITALY, ENGLAND, FRANCE
Bach - keyboard music, suites, cantatas Handel - oratorios, operas, suites Vivaldi - concertos (many for violin)
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Baroque Period TITLE: Hallelujah Chorus, from Messiah (1741)
COMPOSER: George Frederick Handel GENRE: oratorio INSTR: soloists, chorus & orchestra NOTES: - oratorio is a large musical work consisting of solos, duets, choruses - unlike operas, they are not staged or acted, and often deal with sacred topics
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Baroque Period CHARACTERISTICS FORMS: many new forms, including:
• concerto (features usually 1 instrument w/ orch) • opera (large-scale work for singers & orch) • oratorio (like opera, but sacred and no costumes or acting) • cantata (like oratorio, usually for special occasion) • sonata (instrumental work; usually 3-4 parts) • fugue (highly polyphonic instrumental work) • suite (large-scale work for orchestra)
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Baroque Period CHARACTERISTICS INSTRUMENTS:
• rise of instrumental music (voice still very common, but instruments become more popular; orchestra begins to form) • strings, harpsichord, voice, organ, flute, oboe, french horn, timpani
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ELEMENTS AND FEATURES:
Baroque Period CHARACTERISTICS ELEMENTS AND FEATURES: • polyphonic texture • religious music still very prominent (cantatas..) • binary forms predominate • terraced dynamics (no < >) • improvisation (instrumentalists would be expected to add their own interpretation) • ornamentation (trills...) used a great deal (as a way to make the melody more intricate or fancy)
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1750-1825 GERMANY/AUSTRIA, FRANCE, ITALY Haydn (1723-1809)
Classical Period GERMANY/AUSTRIA, FRANCE, ITALY Haydn ( ) 104 symphonies; string quartets Mozart ( ) 41 symphonies; operas; piano works Beethoven ( ) 9 symphonies; piano sonatas
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TITLE: Voi Che Sapete, from Marriage of Figaro (1786)
Classical Period TITLE: Voi Che Sapete, from Marriage of Figaro (1786) COMPOSER: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart GENRE: operatic aria INSTR: soprano & orchestra NOTES: - translates to ‘You who know (what love is)’ - arias (as opposed to recitatives) are more melodic and emotional; here, sung by the page (Cherubino), he describes his love for the Countess - opera buffa (comic opera)
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CHARACTERISTICS FORMS: • symphony • string quartet • sonata
Classical Period CHARACTERISTICS FORMS: • symphony • string quartet • sonata • theme & variations • rondo (ABACA) • minuet • opera (Mozart)
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add trumpet, clarinet, trombone
Classical Period CHARACTERISTICS INSTRUMENTS: • to the orchestra: add trumpet, clarinet, trombone
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ELEMENTS AND FEATURES:
Classical Period CHARACTERISTICS ELEMENTS AND FEATURES: • highly structured • homophonic texture • consonance • aristocratic audience • secular music • ternary forms • dynamics: < and >
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