1. MCB 317 Genetics and Genomics MCB 317 Topic 10, part 3 A Story of Transcription

2. Why are Acitvators cartooned as two balls held together by a tether? Co-activators & chromatin remodeling complexes not shown

3. General Factors RNAP Activators Properties of Activators

4. Activators Multiple functions = multiple domains DNA binding domain Activation domain Dimerization domain (some) Ligand binding domain (some)

5. Genes in Yeast vs. Larger Euk

6. Reporter gene in yeast -> use to study activators

7. Deletion Analysis of Coding Region -> Truncated Proteins

8. Domains of Activators

10. Properties of Activators: Transcription factor families

11. Gene Families It is more common to create variations of a useful protein structure than it is to create a new structure Families created by gene duplication and divergence

15. Gene Families are Generated by Duplication and Divergence

16. Activators Multiple functions = multiple domains DNA binding domain Activation domain Dimerization domain (some) Ligand binding domain (some)

17. Helix-turn-helix Helix-loop-helix Homeobox Zinc finger Leucine zipper Activators classified based on their DNA binding domain: Transcription factor families

18. Different Family Members = Different Binding Site Protein Domains and Structural Motifs

19. Protein – DNA interaction General Properties of Proteins that bind DNA

25. Helix-turn-helix

26. Homeodomain

27. Zinc finger type I structure

28. Leucine Zipper Activators (factors) that dimerize only bind DNA as dimers

29. Homodimers bind inverted repeats

30. Homodimers, Heterodimers, Family Members and Recognition Sites

31. Zinc-finger type II Heterodimers

32. Helix-loop-helix dimer

35. Cell Type Specific Patterns of Txn = Combination of Which Receptors and Txn Factors (Activators) a Cell Produces

36. Some Key Activators -> Txn of other Activators

38. Activators Multiple functions = multiple domains DNA binding domain Activation domain Dimerization domain (some) Ligand binding domain (some)

39. Gene family members Gene Ortholog Paralog Orthologs = family members in different species Paralogs = family members in same species

40. Blast Search Yeast = 34 Zinc Finger Txn Factors (Activators)

41. Ab Protein Expression Pattern Gene Gene (Organism 2) Paralogs Mutant Gene Biochemistry Genetics Mutant Organism 1 2 3 4 7 8 5 6 9 10 11 Orthologs and Paralogs 9

42. Many Types of Steroid Hormones

43. A Variety of Family Members of Steroid-binding Txn Factors (Activators) In General Family Members have similar properties: Monomer v. dimer, mode of activation/inhibition, even types of genes regulated: homeodomains -> genes invovled in development

44. Gene Families It is more common to create variations of a useful protein structure than it is to create a new structure Families created by gene duplication and divergence