1. How are these like the mantle?

2. Convection Currents! Hot magma rises towards the crust, cooler magma sinks towards the core, and heats up again. This creates a circular movement that moves the oceanic crust and continental crust above.

3. Convection Current Animation: What do you observe?

4. Oceanic vs. Continental Crust

5. Introductory Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HrKTuCDierM

6. 3 Types of Boundaries

7. What are the differences between these pictures?

8. 3 Types of Boundaries Notes
Transform Boundary
Divergent Boundary
Convergent Boundary

9. Boundary where plates slide past each other.
Transform Boundary
Boundary where plates slide past each other.

10. Hint: A way, or hint, to remember this is the word TRAINS
Hint: A way, or hint, to remember this is the word TRAINS. TRAINS and TRANSform are very similar words. Think of 2 trains that travel on different tracks that are parallel to each other. They don’t collide, but slide past each other in opposite directions, just like the plates at a transform boundary.

11. Transform Boundary Draw this picture in the “Picture box.”
Fault
Earthquakes

12. - boundary where plates slide past one another.
Transform boundary:
- boundary where plates slide past one another.
- Faults form at these boundaries

13. Transform boundary:

14. Events that happen at this boundary: Earthquakes
Transform Boundary
Events that happen at this boundary:
Earthquakes

15. Geographic Features that happen at this boundary: Fault
Transform Boundary
Geographic Features that happen at this boundary:
Fault

16. How does an earthquake happen at a transform boundary?
When plates slide past each other, pressure is applied to the rock and builds up. When enough pressure builds up, huge areas of rock suddenly shift or break, causing an earthquake.

17. Fault
A fault is a crack in Earth’s crust where movement occurs (usually just at a transform boundary).

18. Earthquake
Shaking of the ground due to built up pressure suddenly releasing, causing the ground to shake.

19. HINT: CONvergent is where plates COMe together.
Convergent Boundary
HINT: CONvergent is where plates COMe together.

20. 1. Convergent Boundary: continental-continental
Boundary where 2 continental plates collide. Since neither can sink, they push up as they collide.

21. Draw the following picture in the “picture” box for continental-continental.

22. Convergent; continental-continental

23. 1. Convergent Boundary: continental-continental
Events:
Earthquakes

24. 1. Convergent Boundary: continental-continental
Geographic Features
Mountain ranges: formed by colliding plates pushing rock upward for millions of years.

25. 2. Convergent Boundary: continental-oceanic

26. 3. Convergent Boundary: continental-oceanic
Where an oceanic plate and continental plate meet. The oceanic crust sinks under the continental crust, going into the mantle.

27. Draw the following picture in the “Picture” box.
Trench
Earthquakes

28. Convergent Boundary: continental-oceanic
Events:
Earthquakes
Crust is destroyed (melts into magma)
Oceanic crust subducts

29. Convergent Boundary: continental-oceanic
Geographic Features
Volcanoes/volcanic mountains
Trench
Subduction zone

30. Convergent Boundary: continental-oceanic
Use the following slides to find the vocabulary words for the definitions on your sheet.

31. Convergent; oceanic-continental

32. Convergent: Oceanic-Continental

33. Convergent boundary:
How do volcanoes happen?
Subduction forms a trench & the area around the trench is called the “subduction zone.”
As the oceanic plate is
pushed under the
continental, it is pushed
deeper into the Earth &
begins to melt. The
melted rock reaches the
surface through volcanoes.

34. Volcano:
An opening in Earth’s crust through which melted rock, gases, and ash can be released.
Are created when an oceanic plate is pushed under the
continental & begins to
melt. The melted rock
reaches the surface
through volcanoes.

35. Volcanic Mountains -Over time the igneous rock builds up, forming
-The subduction forces melted rock up through the crust, where it hardens.
-Over time the igneous
rock builds up, forming
volcanic mountains.
These can be on the
continent or on the
ocean floor.

36. 3. Convergent Boundary: oceanic-oceanic

37. 3. Convergent Boundary: oceanic-oceanic
Boundary where 2 oceanic plates collide. The more dense plate slides under the less dense plate.

38. Draw the following picture in the “picture” box.
Trench
Earthquakes

39. Convergent; oceanic-oceanic

40. Convergent; oceanic-oceanic

41. 3. Convergent Boundary: oceanic-oceanic
Events:
Earthquakes
Crust is destroyed (melts into magma)
Oceanic crust subducts

42. 3. Convergent Boundary: oceanic-oceanic
Geographic Features:
Volcanic island arc
Volcanic islands
Underwater volcanoes/volcanic mountain
Subduction zone
trench

43. Use the following slides to find the vocabulary words for the definitions on your sheet. They are not necessarily in order. Read carefully.

44. Underwater volcanoes/volcanic mountain:
As the subducting plate melts, the magma rises to the ocean floor, cools &
hardens. As it
piles up, these
are created.
Underwater volcano

45. Volcanic Island:
Over more time, the volcanic mountains underwater grow tall enough to rise
out of the
water and
form volcanic
islands.
Volcanic Island

46. An arch- shaped mountain belt made of only volcanoes.
Volcanic Island Arc:
An arch- shaped mountain belt made of only volcanoes.
Volcanic Island Arc

47. Trench:
Crack between plates at a convergent boundary. Where the plates come together and subduction happens.
Trench
Trench
Volcanic Island Arc

48. 2. Convergent Boundary: oceanic-oceanic
Subduction: process of an oceanic plate sliding under another plate.

49. Place where an oceanic plate slides under another plate.
Subduction Zone:
Place where an oceanic plate slides under another plate.
Subduction Zone

50. Where plates move away from each other.
Divergent Boundary
Where plates move away from each other.

51. Divergent Boundary

52. Draw the following picture in the “Picture” box.
Divergent Boundary:
Draw the following picture in the “Picture” box.
Mid-ocean ridge
Rift valley where magma is

53. Divergent: Oceanic-Oceanic

54. Events: earthquakes New crust is created Sea-floor spreading
Divergent Boundary:
Events:
earthquakes
New crust is created
Sea-floor spreading

55. Geographic Features Mid-ocean ridge Rift Rift valley
Divergent Boundary:
Geographic Features
Mid-ocean ridge
Rift
Rift valley

56. Divergent Boundary:
Use the following slides to fill in the vocabulary words for the definitions in your notes.

57. Divergent Boundary:
Mid-ocean ridge
Rift valley

58. Mid-ocean ridge:
Lava comes out of the rift, gradually hardening into rock to create an underwater chain of volcanic mountains on either side of the rift.

59. Rift:
Crack between plates through which melted rock rises up to form new crust.

60. Rift valley: Rift in the valley between the mountains.

61. Sea-floor spreading:
When melted rock rises through rifts on the sea floor and creates new oceanic crust, it pushes the older crust away from the rift. The older crust is eventually destroyed at a convergent boundary.