2. US Involvement and the end of the War

3. United States  1914: Wilson declared that the war was a European affair and the U.S. would remain neutral

4. Reasons the US Enters the War  Inability to remain neutral  German submarine warfare and the sinking of the Lusitania  The US has economic and political ties to Great Britain  The Zimmerman Telegram  Wilson: “Make the world safe for democracy”

5. The Sinking of the Lusitania

6.  http://www.history.com/topics/world-war- i/lusitania

7. The Zimmerman Telegram  Note from Germany to Mexico  Promised to give Mexico money if they help Germany in the war  If Germany wins, they promised to give Mexico Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona

8. What was life like in the US during the war?

9. Industry was Booming!  US sold a lot of weapons and war supplies to the Allied Powers  The War Industries Board  Set up to coordinate production

10. America’s First Draft  The Selective Service Act (1917)  In France, African American soldiers were treated without racial prejudice  In the US, we had segregated units

12. Labor  There was a labor shortage because many men volunteered or were drafted  African Americans replaced them  The Great Migration  Good paying jobs

13. Patriotism  Liberty Bonds  Victory Gardens

15. End of War  American troops were arriving by spring and summer of 1918  Bulgaria and Ottoman Empire surrendered by Sept.  Austria-Hungary broke up and quit fighting

16. Armistice  11th day, 11th month, 11th hour of 1918 all fighting would cease  NOT A PEACE TREATY, only an agreement to stop fighting  Costs of War  8.5 million dead  21 million wounded

17. World War I Casualties

18. Death Toll  8,300,000....... Estimated combatants killed, all nations  19,536,000....... Estimated wounded soldiers, all nations

19. Cost of War Allied PowersCost in Dollars in 1914-18 United States22,625,253,000 Great Britain 35,334,012,000 France 24,265,583,000 Russia 22,293,950,000 Total of all Costs125,690,477,000

20. Cost of War Central PowersCost in Dollars in 1914-18 Germany 37,775,000,000 Austria-Hungary 20,622,960,000 Turkey 1,430,000,000 Bulgaria 815,200,000 Total of all Costs60,643,160,000

21. Wilson’s 14 Points  No secret treaties  Freedom of seas for all nations  All nations get to run their own government (self- determination)  Reduction of national militaries  Adjustment of colonial claims to make it more fair to the colonies  Establishment of a group to keep world peace

22. Treaty of Versailles  Dealt harshly with the Germans  Germany must admit guilt for starting the war  pay reparations (payments for damages of war)  lose large chunks of territory  drastically cut its military  Created the League of Nations  Russia was not invited to these negotiations

23. League of Nations  International cooperative organization established to prevent future wars but did not have power to enforce its decisions  U.S. never joined

24. Outcomes of War  Colonies increase their demand for independence  End of Russian Imperial, Ottoman, German and Austro-Hungarian empires  Enormous cost of war in lives and property  German economy is destroyed