1. BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT Review for Exam 1 Maps You will be responsible to answer similar questions as you had on your map assignment. This includes: Finding the gradient Labeling contours Determining stream direction http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/geology/leveson/core/linksa/contour maps_menu.html

2. BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT Review for Exam 1 Maps: Determine Direction of Stream Flow Scale bar length = 100 miles Contour Interval = 50 feet Elevation of point Q = 583 feet Start Point: Q End Point: R In what general direction is the stream flowing? Answer: From West to East (The legs of the letter V give you the direction of flow) Protractor used to determine azimuth readings

3. Review for Exam 1 Maps: Distance and Direction on Maps Goto: http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/maps/scale-direction- ex2.htm http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/maps/scale-direction- ex2.htmhttp://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/maps/scale-direction- ex2.htm Click on the maps in the exercises online (maps shown below). Each map is at a different scale and expresses the scale in a different form: bar scale, statement of equivalency and representative fraction. Before you start the exercises you should click on the review buttons for the concept of scale, how to convert units, convert fractions to decimals and/or use a protractor. After completing these exercises continue working with the calculations for distance and direction in the follwing slides. Click on the maps in the exercises online (maps shown below). Each map is at a different scale and expresses the scale in a different form: bar scale, statement of equivalency and representative fraction. Before you start the exercises you should click on the review buttons for the concept of scale, how to convert units, convert fractions to decimals and/or use a protractor. After completing these exercises continue working with the calculations for distance and direction in the follwing slides.

4. BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT Review for Exam 1 Maps: Distance Between Two Points Scale bar length = 100 miles Contour Interval = 50 feet Elevation of point Q = 583 feet Start Point: Q End Point: R 1) We measure the scale with the ruler and now we know that 1.5 cm = 100 miles Protractor What is the straight line distance between points Q and T in miles?

5. BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT Review for Exam 1 Maps: Distance Between Two Points Scale bar length = 100 miles Contour Interval = 50 feet Elevation of point Q = 583 feet Start Point: Q End Point: R 2) We measure the distance between the two points that is 8.5 cm = x miles Protractor What is the straight line distance between points Q and T in miles?

6. BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT Review for Exam 1 Maps: Distance Between 2 Points Calculations

7. BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT Review for Exam 1 Maps: Distance Between 2 Points (MILES) Scale bar length = 100 miles Contour Interval = 50 feet Elevation of point Q = 583 feet Start Point: Q End Point: R Protractor Answer: The distance between points Q and T is 567 miles.

8. BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT Review for Exam 1 Maps: Gradient of a Steam Scale bar length = 100 miles Contour Interval = 50 feet Elevation of point Q = 583 feet Start Point: Q End Point: R Protractor What is the average gradient of the stream between points R and T? Begin by measuring the length of the stream. Lay carefully a string along the course of the river.

9. BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT Review for Exam 1 Maps: Gradient of a Steam 2) Measure the string with a ruler, in this case the measurement is 5 4/16 or 5 ¼ inches. After completing the calculations (on the left) the distance measured by the ruler is 884 miles (this is your horizontal distance).

10. BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT Review for Exam 1 Maps: Gradient of a Steam Scale bar length = 100 miles Contour Interval = 50 feet Elevation of point Q = 583 feet Start Point: Q End Point: R Next, Measure the heights of points R and T. Label the contours taking into account the contour interval = 50 ft and the elevation of point Q = 583 ft Protractor

11. BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT 2)Measure the heights of points R and T and find the difference between them (this is your vertical difference). R = 500 ft, T = 400 ft Difference is 100ft. Protractor Scale bar length = 100 m Contour Interval = 50 feet Elevation of point Q = 583 feet Start Point: Q End Point: R Review for Exam 1 Maps: Gradient of a Steam

12. BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT Review for Exam 1 Maps: Gradient of a Steam ► Remember: Gradient or steepness between two points is the difference in elevation (ED) divided by the horizontal distance (HD): To Calculate Gradient: (Using the numbers from the previous slides) ED (difference in elevation)= 100 feet HD (horizontal distance) = 884 miles 100 ft 884 miles = 0.11 feet/mile Gradient= ED = HD *Gradient is equivalent to slope (m=y/x)*

13. BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT What is the elevation (in feet) of contour ‘d’? Answer: 400 ft Protractor Scale bar length = 100 m Contour Interval = 50 feet Elevation of point Q = 583 feet Start Point: Q End Point: R Review for Exam 1 Maps

14. BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT What is the elevation of contour ‘k’? Answer: 650 feet Review for Exam 1 Maps Protractor Scale bar length = 100 m Contour Interval = 50 feet Elevation of point Q = 583 feet Start Point: Q End Point: R

15. BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT What is the azimuth direction going from the start point towards the end point? Start Point = Q and the End Point = R The direction is about 1.5 o (“1.5 degrees”). Review for Exam 1 Maps Scale bar length = 100 m Contour Interval = 50 feet Elevation of point Q = 583 feet Start Point: Q End Point: R

16. BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT Review for Exam 1 Maps: Distance one inch = 2.54 cm one mile = 5280 feet What is the distance between points B and F in miles? Answer: The distance between points B and F is 2 ¼ inches

17. BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT one inch = 2.54cm one mile = 5280 feet What is distance between points B and F in miles: From the scale we know that 1inch:60,000inches. So for 2 inches on the map we have 120,000 inches on the ground PLUS the.25 inches which equates to 15,000 inches for a total of 2.25inches = 135,000 inches Review for Exam 1 Maps: Distance

18. BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT The distance between points B and F in miles is: Now we convert those 135,000 inches to feet to miles Review for Exam 1 Maps: Distance one inch = 2.54 cm one mile = 5280 feet

19. BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT Review for Exam 1 Maps: Distance one inch = 2.54 cm one mile = 5280 feet What is the distance between points A and C in kilometers? The distance in inches from point A to point C is 1 9/16 inches

20. BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT What is the distance between points A and C in kilometers? First lets see how many map units make up 1 9/16 inches. Review for Exam 1 Maps: Distance one inch = 2.54 cm one mile = 5280 feet 1 9/16 = 1 X 60,000 Solve for X by cross multiplying: 1.5625 * 60,000 = 93,780 inches

21. BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT Review for Exam 1 Maps: Distance What is the distance between points A and C in kilometers? Now we convert 93,780 inches into FEET, then into MILES and finally Miles into KILOMETERS.

22. BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT Review for Exam 1 Maps: Topographic Features Overhanging Cliff Gentle Slope-widely space contours Hill Steep Slope- narrow spaced contours Closed Depression

23. BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT Review for Exam 1 Maps Match the following contours with the appropriate profiles:

24. BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT Review for Exam 1 Maps Match the following contours with the appropriate profiles: 1B2E3D4C5F6A1B2E3D4C5F6A

25. BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT Review for Exam 1 What is an outcrop? What is bedrock? What is the differences between the two? ►Bedrock is a layer of undisturbed rock usually located beneath a surface layer of soil or other material. ►A surface exposure of bedrock is called an outcrop.

26. BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT Review for Exam 1 Geologic Map Examine the geologic map to the left. The numbered rectangles represent different outcrops of bedrock. Assume that each of the individual formations maintains a more or less constant thickness throughout the region. Then connect the same formations. http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/maps/geologic_maps_ menu2.html

27. BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT At drill hole E we hit Formation 1 At drill hole A we hit Formation 2 At drill hole D we hit what Formation?? Review for Exam 1 Geologic Map **Please keep in mind you must be consistent with the thicknesses of the beds as you draw your line connecting Formations.

28. BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT Review for Exam 1 Locations w/in the NYC Metropolitan Area Know all of the locations marked on the map. http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/maps/nyc1a.html

29. BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT Review for Exam 1 Longitude and Latitude http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/maps/latlong_menu.html

30. Review for Exam 1 Longitude and Latitude Longitude identifies the east to west location of a point on the Earth, by measuring the angular distance from the Greenwich meridian (or Prime meridian, where longitude is 0), along the equator. http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/maps/lat_long.html

31. BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT Review for Exam 1 Longitude and Latitude Latitude identifies the north to south location of a point on the Earth. Latitude can be defined precisely as the angle between the vertical at a location, and the equatorial plane of the Earth.