1. LEARNING MATERIALS AND EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES: MAKING DISTANCE EDUCATION WORK Dr Sushmita Mitra Director (SSS) NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OPEN SCHOOLING, INDIA

2. AGENTS OF CHANGE IN EDUCATION Rapid development in learning theories. Rapid development in learning theories. Rapid advancement in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Rapid advancement in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) PARADIGM SHIFT

3. PARADIGM SHIFT IN EDUCATION From Institution-led learning to own-time self- learning at a distance. From Institution-led learning to own-time self- learning at a distance. From teaching to self-paced-learning slowly moving towards flexibilities and openness. From teaching to self-paced-learning slowly moving towards flexibilities and openness. Gave rise to an alternative system of education often known as Open and Distance Learning (ODL) System.

4. TRADITIONAL SYSTEM TEACHER TAUGHT SPATIO-TEMPORAL FIXEDNESS CURRICULUM FIXEDNESS CORRESPONDENCE EDUCATION SELF LEARNING FREEDOM OF LOCATION SELF LEARNING FREEDOM OF LOCATION FREEDOM TO LEARN ODL EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM PARIDGM SHIFT CURRICULUM FIXEDNESS LEARNING PARADIGM SHIFT

5. The barriers of space, pace, time and many of the rigidities of the formal education are withdrawn in ODL and this gave rise to Open Schooling system in the country. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OPEN SCHOOLING(NIOS) 14 STATE OPEN SCHOOLS (SOSs) IN DIFFERENT STATES

6. PERSPECTIVES AND ORIENTATIONS TOWARDS LEARNING IN ODL SYSTEM Everyone can learn (Burns 1967). Everyone can learn (Burns 1967). Learning is private and occurs at a distance when the learner and the instructor/ institution are separated in time and place Learning is private and occurs at a distance when the learner and the instructor/ institution are separated in time and place Learning is mediated by a provider arranging for Learning is mediated by a provider arranging for guided didactic conversation, or guided didactic conversation, or non contiguous communication, or non contiguous communication, or two way interpersonal communication to recreate learning link, or two way interpersonal communication to recreate learning link, or educational transaction using technology and communication theory, or educational transaction using technology and communication theory, or virtual contiguity by integrating systems that bring teacher and learner together, optimum dialogue between them and eliminate consequences of being separate in space. virtual contiguity by integrating systems that bring teacher and learner together, optimum dialogue between them and eliminate consequences of being separate in space.

7. Learning involves collaborated experience between a teacher and a learner, which is totally dependent on a two way communication facilitated by technology. Learning involves collaborated experience between a teacher and a learner, which is totally dependent on a two way communication facilitated by technology. Learning considers requirements of both the learning task and learner i.e. principles of pedagogy/andragogy and structure of knowledge has an apparent influence on learning. Learning considers requirements of both the learning task and learner i.e. principles of pedagogy/andragogy and structure of knowledge has an apparent influence on learning. Learner control is based on the inter-relationship between independence (as in self directed learner), proficiency (as in the ability to learn independently) and support (characterized by the resources available to guide and facilitate the educational transaction. Learner control is based on the inter-relationship between independence (as in self directed learner), proficiency (as in the ability to learn independently) and support (characterized by the resources available to guide and facilitate the educational transaction. PERSPECTIVES AND ORIENTATIONS TOWARDS LEARNING IN ODL SYSTEM

8. Learner Centred Instructional System in Open Schooling LEARNER 5. RADIO AND TV, 6. FACE TO FACE PROGRAMME 1. COUNSELLING 2. COURSE MATERIALS 3. ASSIGNMENTS 4. TUTOR GUIDANCE 7. RESOURCE CENTRE HELP

9. Instructional Delivery System Based on following premises: Availability, Availability, Accessibility and Accessibility and Appropriateness Appropriateness For transaction of the curriculum at a distance, the print medium is most suitable. Print considered as the prime instructional medium supported by other media materials like audio and video materials in Open schooling.

10. Efficacy of Print Materials Depends on the Instructional Design (ID) chosen. ID is dependent on the nature of subject matter, nature of subject matter, learner characteristics and previous experiences and learner characteristics and previous experiences and the type of learning expected. the type of learning expected.

11. Self-instructional Material (SIM) which is a written elaboration of a set of learning opportunities, organised around a well-defined theme/topic in such a way that, it is a self contained instruction unit to be used in a self learning situation. a self contained instruction unit to be used in a self learning situation. guarantees self-sufficiency. guarantees self-sufficiency. structured in such a way that it helps the learner to find their way into the text and to find their way through the text. structured in such a way that it helps the learner to find their way into the text and to find their way through the text. Printed Learning Materials In Open Schooling

12. Title Introduction Objectives Section What you have learnt Intext Questions Glossary /Key Words Answers to Intext Question Terminal Exercise NO Is it the last section yes Structure of A Lesson

13. Educational Resources Support materials: Audio CD’s Audio CD’s Video CD’s Video CD’s CAL CAL Radio programmes through Gyan Vani Radio programmes through Gyan Vani TV programme through Gyan Darshan/and DD1 channel TV programme through Gyan Darshan/and DD1 channel

14. The NIOS WEBSITE www.nios.ac.in Information dissemination Information dissemination 24x7 online admission 24x7 online admission Course material Course material Evaluation/assessment papers for practice Evaluation/assessment papers for practice Tutor marked assignments Tutor marked assignments Student information regarding admission and examination dates Student information regarding admission and examination dates List of Study centers List of Study centers Other related matter Other related matter

17. There is nothing like a dream to create the future..... Victor Hugo

18. Thank You