1. Bacteria and Viruses

2. What is a prokaryote?  Microscopic  Usually ____________ celled  Usually have a cell wall, but no membrane bound organelles

3. Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote Cells

4. Archaea Bacteria  “Ancient” bacteria  Cell walls are chemically different than other bacteria  Found in extreme conditions ex. Yellow stone national park hot springs.

6. Characteristics of Bacteria  Single celled  Can be producers, consumers, and decomposers.  Live everywhere ie. Ubiquitous

7. Bacteria Shapes  Three Shapes 1. Rod- ___________ 2. _______ -coccus 3. Spiral- spirallus

9. Reproduction  Binary fission- divides in half producing two ___________ “daughter cells”

10. How do bacteria exchange DNA?  Three ways 1. Transformation – takes in DNA from the environment 2. Transduction- happens when a virus injects DNA into a bacterium 3. Conjugation- DNA is transferred from one bacterium to another when two bacteria are joined together

11. Bacteria Structure and Function Overview  1. Cytoplasm  2. Chromosome  3. Ribosome  4. Cell Wall  5. Gelatin Capsule  6. Flagellum

12. cytoplasm  Gelatin-like, flows inside cell  Contains everything cell needs to carry out life

13. chromosome (genetic material)  Directs cell activities  Provides directions for all cell processes

14. ribosome  Makes protein

15. cell membrane  Controls what goes in and out of the cell  Separates cell from its environment

16. cell wall  Supports and protects the cell

17. gelatin like capsule  Protects cell  Allows bacteria to stick to surfaces  Prevents bacteria from drying out

18. flagellum (plural: flagella)  Whip-like tail that helps cell to move

19. Virus Basics  Virus are typically composed of a core of _____ or _______ surrounded by a ____________  Can reproduce only by infecting _______________  Controversial- living or nonliving

20. Structure  ________ -protein coat includes proteins that enable viruses to enter the host cell  Bacteriophages- viruses that infect bacteria  ________ -viral DNA embedded into host’s DNA

21. Virus Structure Cont

22. Viral Infections

23. Living or Dead Living EvidenceDead Evidence Obtain and use _____________Missing many characteristics common to life ie. cell structure, does not respond to stimuli. Contains _______________ and proteins. Cannot survive or reproduce without a host cell Does not perform life functions