1. 1. Three fatty acids are shown below
1. Three fatty acids are shown below. Which fatty acid has the highest melting point?
Linoleic Acid CH3(CH2)4CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7COOH
Stearic Acid CH3(CH2)14COOH
Oleic Acid CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7COOH
a. Stearic acid
b. Linoleic acid
c. Oleic acid
d. You cannot rank melting points from the structures alone.
2. Consider the condensed structural formula of oleic acid:
a. Why is this substance an acid?
b. How many carbon atoms are in oleic acid?
c. Is it a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid?
d. Is it most likely to be solid or liquid at room temperature?
e. Would it be soluble in water?
3. Three fatty acids are shown below. Which fatty acid has the lowest melting point?
Linoleic Acid CH3(CH2)4CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7COOH
Stearic Acid CH3(CH2)16COOH
Oleic Acid CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7COOH
a. Linoleic acid
b. Stearic acid
c. Oleic acid
d. You cannot rank melting points from the structures alone.

2. 4. If this molecule reacts with a strong base such as NaOH, what would the products be?
a. an ester and fatty acids
b. glycerol and aldehydes
c. glycerol and fatty acids
d. glycerol and salts of fatty acids
5. Hydrogenation of glyceryl trioleate, a triacylglycerol made from three oleic acids and glycerol, converts
a. the ester group to a ketone group.
b. the ester group to a carboxylic acid group.
c. the ester group into the alkene group.
d. the alkene group into an alkane group.
6. Hydrolysis of glyceryl trioleate, a triacylglycerol made from three oleic acids and glycerol,
a. converts the triacylglycerol to a tri-ester.
b. converts the triacylglycerol to a diacylglycerol and a fatty acid.
c. converts the triacylglycerol to a saturated triacylglycerol.
d. converts the triacylglycerol to glycerol and three fatty acids.

3. 7. What lipid is composed of glycerol, fatty acid, phosphate and an amino alcohol?
Triacylglycerols
Glycerophospholipids
Waxes
Steroids
8. What type of lipid contains a carbohydrate?
Glycosphingolipids
9. Write the equation for the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme lipase that hydrolyzes trilaurin (glyceryl trilaurate) during the digestion process.

4. O ║ CH2−O −C −(CH2)16 −CH3 + O NH3 ║ │ CH2−O −P −O − CH2−CH−COO- │ O-
10. Identify each as a: A. fatty acid B. triacylglycerol
C. amino alcohol D. glycerophospholipid
1. glyceryl trioleate
2. cephalin
3. choline
4. palmitic acid
11. Identify the components and type of glycerophospholipid O ║
CH2−O −C −(CH2)16 −CH3 +
O NH3
║ │
CH2−O −P −O − CH2−CH−COO- │ O-

5. 12. This steroid stimulates reabsorption of Na+ by the kidneys
12. This steroid stimulates reabsorption of Na+ by the kidneys. Testosterone
Aldosterone
Estrogen
Cortisone
13. This steroid increases the blood glucose and glycogen levels in the body. Cortisone
bile salts
Testosterone
14. Which fused ring system is the backbone of the steroid class of lipids?
15. Which lipoprotein moves cholesterol to the liver? HDL
LDL
VLDL
16. Which statement(s) is true? Polar proteins and phospholipids are on the outer surface of lipoproteins and triacylglycerols are on the inside of lipoproteins.
Lipoproteins have a polar outer surface.
Lipids are transported through the body by lipoproteins.
All statements are true.

6. 17. Identify each as a 1. fatty acid 2. steroid 3. Triacylglycerol
4. phospholipid 5. sphingolipid
A. cholesterol
B. glycerol, 2 fatty acids, phosphate, and choline
C. glyceryl tristearate
D. sphingosine, fatty acid, phosphate, and choline
E. estradiol
F. bile salts
G. lipids in plasma membranes
18. The general structure of a lipoprotein contains:
a. spherical-shaped structures having an outside layer of phospholipids and proteins surrounding an inner core of hundreds of nonpolar lipids and cholesterol esters
b. a lipid bilayer having both polar and nonpolar groups, proteins, and cholesterol
c. spherical-shaped structures having an outside layer of phospholipids and proteins, surrounding an inner core of hundreds of polar lipids and cholesterol esters
d. a lipid bilayer having both polar and nonpolar groups, proteins, and glycosphingolipid
19. All of the following describe high-density lipoproteins except:
a. are considered good cholesterol
b. have the greatest abundance of proteins
c. carry triacylglycerols from the intestines to the fat cells
d. transport cholesterol to the liver