1. Specific Learning Disabilities
Jeff, Kelly, Adam, Luke

2. Introduction
Definition: Specific learning disabilities are a group of disabilities in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) The IDEA defines specific learning disabilities as a group of disorders in one or more of these areas of learning:
Learning disabilities of expressive language, also called oral expression;
Learning disabilities of receptive language, also called listening comprehension;
Learning disabilities of basic writing mechanics;
Learning disabilities of written expression;
Learning disabilities of basic reading decoding
Learning disabilities of reading comprehension;
Learning disabilities of basic math calculation skills; and
Learning disabilities of applied math and problem solving.
Learning disabilities may include several types of disorders. Dyslexia, for example, is included with learning disabilities in reading under the IDEA. Dysgraphia is included with learning disabilities in writing, and dyscalculia is included in learning disabilities in math.

3. Quick Facts on Dyslexia(most common of Dys LD’s)
According to a Yale study, 1 out of 5 people suffer from Dyslexia.
It is estimated that 70 to 85 percent of children with learning disabilities are dyslexic.
Dyslexics are of average or above intelligence.
Dyslexics do not “see” words backwards. A difficulty with reversals is mainly caused by deficits in interpreting left and right.
Dyslexics oftentimes have more severe deficits in spelling than in reading.
Dyslexics often have poor coordination, poor fine-motor control and poor hand-eye coordination.
Dyslexia can’t be effectively treated using traditional reading or tutoring programs. Cognitive training is the most effective treatment for Dyslexia.

4. Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gwZLFTW4OGY

5. Dyscalculia Warning Signs
A specific developmental disability affecting a person's ability to conceptualize and perform mathematics.
Warning Signs
Good at speaking, reading, and writing, but slow to develop counting and math problem-solving skills
Good memory for printed words, but difficulty reading numbers, or recalling numbers in sequence
Poor long term memory of concepts-can do math functions one day, but is unable to repeat them the next day
Confusing signs (+, -, /, *)
Reversing and/or transposing numbers
Reliance on counting strategies rather than “knowing”
Difficulty with mental arithmetic & measurements
Inability to grasp and remember math rules/formulas

6. Dyscalculia Treatment Examples
Mild cases can often be compensated for with use of a calculator, but those with severe dyscalculia will need special education services.
Examples
Help outside the classroom
Repeated reinforcement and specific practice of straightforward ideas
Use graph paper for students who have difficulty organizing ideas on paper.
Work on finding different ways to approach math facts
Introduce new skills beginning with concrete examples and later moving to more abstract applications.

7. Dysgraphia Signs of Dysgraphia
Dysgraphia is a learning disability that affects writing abilities. It can manifest itself as difficulties with spelling, poor handwriting and trouble putting thoughts on paper.
Signs of Dysgraphia
Generally illegible writing (despite appropriate time and attention given the task
Inconsistencies : mixtures of print and cursive, upper and lower case, or irregular sizes, shapes, or slant of letters
Unfinished words or letters, omitted words
Inconsistent spaces between words and letters
Cramped or unusual grip, especially
holding the writing instrument very close to the paper, or
holding thumb over two fingers and writing from the wrist
Strange wrist, body, or paper position
Talking to self while writing, or carefully watching the hand that is writing
Slow or labored copying or writing - even if it is neat and legible
Content which does not reflect the student's other language skills

8. Dysgraphia How can we as teachers help?
Accommodate -- reduce the impact that writing has on learning or expressing knowledge -- without substantially changing the process or the product.
Modify -- change the assignments or expectations to meet the student's individual needs for learning
Remediate - provide instruction and opportunity for improving handwriting

9. Dysgraphia

10. Dyslexia

11. Dyslexia
Despite success with other LD’s medication and counseling are not effective treatments.
Combat frustration early on—studies show reading may never be truly easy for someone who suffers from dyslexia.
Detail goals within an IEP
DIFFERENTIATE!!
Comprehensive educational studies have shown a combination of educational approaches is the most effective treatment.

12. Dyslexia
In the United States, Federal Law entitles children with dyslexia to specialized instruction in public schools.
Encourage activities that focus and exhibit students creative and physical abilities and talents.
Dyslexia does not equal dumb.
Children will feel unintelligent
Inherited traits are not their fault.

13. Famous People with Dyslexia

14. Guest Speaker When did you realize you had Dyslexia?
How were you officially diagnosed?
Challenges you faced and continue to face?
What strategies/skills work best for you in dealing with your Dyslexia?
What are some signs we can watch for in our classrooms to recognize a student with Dyslexia?
Any questions?

15. WIKI!!!