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Fertilizer What is a fertilizer?
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Fertilizer Objectives: Students will be able to... ▸ Explain what a fertilizer is. ▸ Identify different types of fertilizer. ▸ List examples of fertilizer carriers. ▸ Determine proper situations for fertilizer applications. ▸ Define rule of thumb for fertilizer application. ▸ Differentiate between different fertilizers. ▸ Describe a mixed fertilizer.
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Fertilizer Definition ▸ Any material applied to a soil or plant to supply essential elements
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Fertilizer What are some different types of fertilizer? ▸ Mineral ▸ Organic ▸ Inorganic
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Fertilizer Description of a Mineral ▸ Simply ground rocks containing nutrients ▸ Example: Dolomitic lime provides calcium and magnesium ▸ Usefulness is limited as they dissolve very slowly
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Fertilizers Description of organic –Crop Rotation –Animal Manures –Sewage Sludge –Septage ▸ Compost –Municipal, food processing and industrial organic residues; usually dumped in landfills and ocean; much potential for composting
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Fertilizers Description of organic –Crop Rotation –Animal Manures –Sewage Sludge –Septage –Compost ▸ Peat –Partly decayed vegetable matter
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Fertilizers Description of Inorganic ▸ Chemical fertilizers ▸ Made by industry ▸ Some are mined, others completely manufactured ▸ High nutrient content, therefore less expensive
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Fertilizer Materials ▸ Few fertilizers are in pure form ▸ Rather fertilizers are made up of nutrient carriers
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Fertilizer Nitrogen Carriers ▸ Anhydrous Ammonia- 82% ▸ Urea- 45% ▸ Nitrate Solution- 28%
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Fertilizers Nitrogen Carriers- Other Examples ▸ Ammonium Sulfate ▸ Nitrate of Soda ▸ Ammonium Phosphorus ▸ Calcium Cynamid
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Fertilizers It depends on the following: ▸ What crop ▸ Soil Conditions ▸ Planting date ▸ Crop Rotation
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Fertilizers Rule of thumb Usually somewhere between 100-200 pounds per acre. Bushels per acre = 1.2 pounds per bushel
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Fertilizers When is Nitrogen applied? ▸ It depends: Fall or Spring –Fall: more leaching but less expensive. More likely to be able to get into the field –Spring: more expensive, side-dressing, less leaching
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Fertilizers Common Phosphorus Fertilizers ▸ Di-Ammonium Phosphate –18-46-0 ▸ Superphosphate (16-20%) ▸ MonoAmmonium Phosphate –12-52-0 ▸ Bone Meal - made from grinding bones ▸ Manure
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Fertilizer Potassium Carriers ▸ Muriate of potash-60% potash, accounts for 97% of all potassium fertilizers ▸ Costs less and dissolves easily in water ▸ Nitrate of potash -44% potash and 13% Nitrogen, common for container plants
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Fertilizers Mixed fertilizers ▸ Fertilizers containing more than one element
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Mixed fertlizers How does a producer determine what mix to use? ▸ Analysis ▸ Grade
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Fertilizer Analysis
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Fertilizer Analysis-Definition Lists the elements in the bag and their percent content
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Fertilizers Analysis ▸ N-P-K 10-3-3 ▸ Not in pure form ▸ Examples –Phosphoric acid P 2 O 5 –Soluble potash K 2 O
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Fertilizers Grade
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Fertilizer Grade-Definition ▸ Indicates the primary nutrients in the bag ▸ Lists the contents in the order of the percentages of the primary nutrients
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Fertilizers What’s on the bag?
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Fertilizers What’s on the bag? ▸ Contents ▸ Ratios ▸ Grade ▸ Analysis ▸ Method of application
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Fertilizer Single-grade Contains only one element
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Fertilizer Mixed Contains 2 or 3 elements
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Fertilizer Complete ▸ Contains all 3 primary nutrients
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The End
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