1. The Beginnings of Cinema
History of photographic recording of still and moving images

2. Introduction Cinema is totally dependent upon technology and science.
Substantial achievements in the following fields were required:
chemistry,
optics,
high-precision mechanics.

3. Basics
silver salts – photosensitive material (changes its structure when exposed to light),
The chemical base for the black and white photography.

4. Developments of Photography
Camera Obscura
Leonardo daVinci
pinhole camera

5. The Beginning of photography
Joseph Nicéphore Niépce – French inventor.
Made first permanent photograph with a modified camera obscura around
First photograph balcony.

6. Louis Daguerre 1
1839 – Louis Daguerre – first practical development in photography (“daguerreotype”).
He invents the first commercially viable process for still photographs.

7. Daguerre 3

8. Talbot
William Henry Fox Talbot – developed a system of negative recording (from a negative you can produce an infinite number of prints).

9. Eastman: celluloid film
1889 – George Eastman patented flexible photographic film developed for the role camera.
Eastman: celluloid base coated with a photosensitive emulsion.

10. What famous company did Eastman fund?

11. Moving images

12. 28th December 1895 – Grand Café in Paris
August Lumière and Louis Lumière
Invented the Cinematographe

13. First film screening The first official screening of a film.
Formal birth of the cinema. The showing was organized by Lumière brothers.
They recorded and screened films using the machine of their own production called “cinématographe.”

14. Cinematographe

15. Famous Lumiere Films La sortie des usines Lumière, 1895
Arrivée d'un train en gare à la Ciotat, 1895
Barque sortant du port, 1895
Repas de bébé, 1895
L'arrosseur arrosé, 1895
Demolition d’un mur, 1896

16. Lumiere films

17. Cinetoscope
1889 – Edison’s “Cinetoscope” (you had to look inside the box to see a short film) – nickelodeon.

18. Georges Méliès
1899—French magician Georges Melies becomes the first artist to tell a story with film. (first fiction films)
He introduces trick cinema, special effects.
He discovers the possibility to represent the reality that does not exist (science-fiction, horror etc.)

19. Georges Méliès - Un homme de têtes (early film, 1898)

20. A Trip to the Moon
1902—Melies releases short film titled A Trip to the Moon: the first science fiction-film.

21. Edwin S. Porter Started as a projectionist
Went to work for Edison as a camera operator
1903—Edwin S. Porter releases The Great Train Robbery, the first movie to use modern production techniques, such as filming out of sequence.
Strong narrative
12 different scenes in different locations
introduction of editing, filming from different distances.

22. David Wark Griffith
One of the greatest innovators of the early American cinema. Birth of the Nation (1915), Intolerance (1916)
simultaneous editing (crosscutting)
longer films
camera movement

23. Intolerance (1916)

24. Birth of the Nation

25. Jazz Singer
1927 –first widely distributed sound movie.