1. The Federalist Era
Chapter 8

2. Important Dates Ch. 8 Vocabulary Definitions – due Tuesday 9/30
8.1 Tasks – due Thursday 10/2
8.2 Tasks – due Tuesday 10/7
8.1/8.2 Quiz – on Tuesday 10/7
8.3 Tasks – due Thursday 10/9
Ch. 8 Vocabulary Illustrations – due Tuesday 10/14
Ch. 8 Test – on Wednesday 10/15
Founding Father Trading Card Project – due Friday 10/31

3. Ch. 8 Content Vocabulary Chart
Create a three column chart in your notebook to list, define, and illustrate the 15 content vocabulary terms.
List 4 terms per page. You will use 4 pages for all 15 terms.
All definitions are due tomorrow – Tues. 9/30.
Term
Definition
Visual Representation or Word Association
precedent
an act or decision that sets a tradition for the future
cabinet
national debt
bond

4. 8.1 The First President The Cabinet Judiciary Act of 1789
Bill of Rights
Hamilton’s Financial Plans
Washington, DC

5. President Washington – Our First President
George Washington became the first US president on April 30, 1789.
As the first president, he and Congress set many precedents for future presidents.
Washington & the first Congress created the Cabinet, a group of advisors to the President that are part of the Executive Branch, and established the judicial system.
The Bill of Rights, promised to states that wouldn’t ratify the Constitution without additional protections for citizens’ liberties, was added to the Constitution in 1791.
President Washington focused most of his energy on foreign affairs and military issues. He left the economy to his secretary of the treasury, Alexander Hamilton.
During Washington’s presidency, a deal was made to move the nation’s capital to Washington, DC, although it wouldn’t be ready until the presidency of John Adams.
During his presidency, Washington had to deal with settling a rebellion in Pennsylvania, conflicts between settlers and Native Americans in the west, disrespect and trade interference from Britain and France, and convince Spain to allow Americans to sail the Mississippi.
Washington served two terms, or four years, as president. He could have served a third term, as it wasn’t until President Franklin Delano Roosevelt was elected to four terms, that a term limit was put in place.
Washington decided not to run for election in 1796, and instead wrote a Farewell Address that offered Americans and politicians advice on staying out of foreign affairs, and warned of the dangers of political parties.
Despite Washington’s warning against political parties, the first two political parties developed during Washington’s presidency – the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans.
The two political parties had very different views regarding how strong or weak the central government should be, how to deal with the nation’s economy, which foreign countries to ally with, and what role ordinary people should play in the government.
Most historians agree that Washington had a very successful presidency. His successor, John Adams, did not fair so well.
Adams’ presidency was quickly embarrassed when French agents to the French foreign minister tried to bribe American delegates.
Adams and the Federalists tried to increase the power of the federal government, and reduce what they saw as threat to the country, by passing the Alien & Sedition Acts.
The Democratic-Republican party saw the Alien & Sedition Acts as acts of tyranny. States like Virginia and Kentucky passed resolutions claiming the Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional.
Adams avoided going to war with France, but that actually cost him re-elction, and he only served one term.
Washington taking the oath of office on April 30, 1789.

6. The Cabinet – Advises the President
Washington with the members of the first cabinet: Henry Knox, Edmund Randolph, Thomas Jefferson, and Alexander Hamilton.
President Obama with the 15 members of the cabinet in 2010.

7. Judiciary Act of 1789 – set up the federal court system
Washington named John Jay the first US Supreme Court Chief Justice.
The structure of today’s federal court system.

8. Bill of Rights Added
The first ten amendments protect citizens’ liberties added to the Constitution in 1791.

9. Hamilton & the Economy – the $ man
Hamilton, the first Secretary of the Treasury, is commemorated on the ten dollar bill.
The US had a severe debt problem before and during Washington’s presidency. Hamilton believed his plan could stabilize the US economy.

10. Washington, DC – National Capital by Compromise
To gain support for part of Hamilton’s financial plan, a compromise was made to move the national capital to the South.
A special district was created between Virginia and Maryland, along the Potomac River.

11. 8.2 Early Challenges The Whiskey Rebellion
Battle of Fallen Timbers/Treaty of Greenville
Proclamation of Neutrality
Pinckney’s Treaty
Farewell Address

12. Conflicts with Native Americans in the West
Washington signed treaties to protect Native American lands from white settlers, but when white settlers broke those treaties, Washington sent in the army.
Native Americans had to surrender most of their lands in present-day Ohio after losing the Battle of Fallen Timbers.

13. Declaring Neutrality in Foreign Affairs
Britain and France went to war in America tried to trade and remain allies with both countries, but both countries violated American neutral rights.
Edmond Genet, a French diplomat, tried to recruit Americans to attack the British.
The British seized American ships trading with France, and forced American sailors into the British navy.

14. Pinckney’s Treaty
Americans finally gained the right to sail the Mississippi River and trade in New Orleans in 1795.
Encouraged further American expansion between Appalachian Mountains and Mississippi River, which adds to conflicts with Native Americans…

15. Washington’s Farewell (1796)
“Observe good faith and justice toward all nations…It is our policy to steer clear of permanent alliances.”
Washington warned against foreign entanglements and political parties in his Farewell Address.

16. 8.3 The First Political Parties
The Federalist Party
The Democratic-Republican Party
Adams’ Election of 1796
XYZ Affair
Alien & Sedition Acts
Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions

17. Emergence of Political Parties
Federalist Party
Democratic-Republican Party
Developed in support of Hamilton’s financial plans;
Led by Hamilton
Developed in opposition of Hamilton’s plans;
Led by Jefferson

18. Adam’s Presidency
Although they ran against each other, Jefferson received the second highest number of votes and became Adams’ Vice President.

19. XYZ Affair – France tries to bribe the US

20. Alien & Sedition Acts
Passed by the Federalists to protect the US from the threat of immigrant French revolutionaries…
The president could imprison or deport “dangerous” aliens.
It became a crime to speak, write, or publish criticism against the government.

21. Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions
Democratic-Republicans argued the Alien & Sedition Acts were unconstitutional.
Believed states had the right to nullify unconstitutional laws.
Theory not held up today. States would have to sue through the Supreme Court.