1. Plants

2. Characteristics Multicellular Eukaryotic Cell Wall = Cellulose
Cuticle – waxy, waterproof
Photosynthesis
Evolved from green algae

3. Adaptations Cuticle – to prevent water loss
Leaf – plant organ that grows from a stem and usually is where photosynthesis occurs
Roots – absorbs water and minerals from soil
Stem – provides support for growth and transport of food, water, and materials

4. Reproduction Seeds – contain an embryo, seed coat, and food supply
Alternation of Generations
Gametophyte – haploid
Sporophyte – fertilized, diploid

5. Seed Plants Embryo – early stage of development of an organism
Include one or more cotyledons – store or absorb food for the developing embryo
Seed Coat

6. Seed Plants Advantages of Seeds Contains a supply of food
Embryo protected by seed coat
Easy dispersal

7. Plant Tissues
Dermal Tissue (epidermis) – composed of flattened cells that cover all parts of the plant
Functions like the skin of animals
Tightly compacted like a jigsaw
Stomata (stoma) – openings in the leaf tissue that control the exchange of gases
Guard Cells – control the opening and closing of stomata

9. Xylem –transports water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant
Phloem – transport sugars and other organic compounds
Meristems – regions of actively dividing cells

10. Plant Hormones Auxins – promotes cell elongation
Gibberellins – promote growth
Cytokinins – stimulate cell division
Ethylene – promotes ripening

11. Plant Responses VERY IMPORTANT!
Tropism – plants response to an external stimulus
1. Photo-tropism – grows toward the light
2. Gravitropism – grows in response to gravity
3. thigmotropism – grows in response to touch, Ivey up a wall
Nastic Movement – venus fly trap

12. Two types of seed plants
1. Gymnosperms (conifers) –
Cones
Needle shaped leaves
Scale like leaves
Seeds in cones
Evergreens (leaves year round)
Cold or dry habitats
Deciduous (lose their leaves)

13. Flowering Plants - Angiosperms
Produce flowers
Seeds enclosed in fruits
Monocot & Dicots

14. Flower Parts Structures for sexual reproduction
Stamen (male) – contains anther and filament, pollen is sperm

15. Pistil (female) – contains stigma, style and ovary

16. Structure of a Flower

17. A fertilized ovule is a seed
Seed contains embryo and stored food
A mature ovary is a fruit
Seed Dispersal
Wind, rain, and animals
Seed germination is growth of the embryo