1. How tiny microbes make a big impact on our health Nicole Spahich

2. What is Microbiology? The study of things that are very small Microscopic - microbes Unicellular versus multicellular Viruses, bacteria, fungi

3. Staphylococcus aureus

4. What makes us sick? Types of sickness Cold Flu Cough Food poisoning Ear ache Infectious

5. Germs: bacteria, viruses and more!

6. Germs are everywhere

7. Microbe match game Where did these microbes come from? Door knob? Mouth? Shoes? Toilet seat? 1 4 3 2

8. Microbe match game Where did these microbes come from? 1 4 3 2 Toilet seat ShoesDoor knob Mouth

9. Good guys versus bad guys Microbiome versus pathogens

10. Our microbiome

11. Sharing our microbes Rules: Shake hands with 3 different people Give the people you shook hands with half of each stack of stickers that you have

12. Sharing our microbes Rules: Shake hands with 4 different people Give the people you shook hands with half of each stack of stickers that you have Who was infected? ORANGE

13. How to avoid germs Wash your hands Cover your mouth when you sneeze/cough Avoid sharing food/drinks Cook and store food properly

14. Why do we feel sick? Toxin production by pathogens Poisons damage cells Immune system tries to get rid of the invaders Poking holes in pathogen cells Eating pathogens

15. Invaders! Immune system effects: Fever Runny nose/mucus production Inflammation Swelling

16. What happens when we get an infection? Our immune system destroys the pathogen in 2 ways: 1. Immune cells destroy pathogens White blood cells Macrophage Eat pathogens and debris Neutrophil Eat pathogens and kill by releasing toxic particles

17. Eating bacteria What happens when we get an infection?

18. Immune cells in action

19. What happens when we get an infection? Our immune system destroy the pathogen in 2 ways: 2. Antibodies destroy pathogens

20. What do antibodies do? Prevent pathogens from sticking to cells Bacteria

21. What do antibodies do? Help cells recognize pathogens so that they can eat them up Macrophage Neutrophil Bacteria

22. What do antibodies do? Each B cell produces a unique antibody that recognizes a specific piece of foreign material (e.g., pathogen) Pathogens Antibodies B cells

23. Let’s be antibodies Antibodies have 2 arms Antibodies are specific to their pathogen You can only pick up beads that match your given color

24. Let’s be antibodies Why are there blue beads left over? Why could this be a problem during infection? Why is there a pink bead left over? What would your body do at this point?

25. Vaccines Your body makes antibodies to pathogens before you actually get sick Inject weakened/killed form of the pathogen Parts of the pathogen that your immune system recognizes

26. Thanks! Any questions?