1. Structure of Flowering Plants

2. You need to know details on…
1. Structure & function of root and shoot systems
2. Root zonations and all outer stem parts
3. Meristem function / location in root & shoot
4. Location of 3 tissue types in transverse and long sections of root and stem
5. Xylem & Phloem structure and function
6. Distinguish between Moncots and Dicots
7. Mandatory Activity….TS Dicot stem

3. Objectives
1 Label a diagram of the external parts of a typical flowering plant
Shoot, root, stem, leaves, flower, fruit, seed.
2 State the function of the root and shoot
3 Identify tap and fibrous root systems
Explain the term Meristem and give its location in the stem and root
Name and give the function of four zones in a longitudinal section of a root

4. State the function of Vascular Tissue
Give the location of three tissue types, Dermal, Ground and Vascular, in transverse sections of the of the root and stem and leaf
Give the location of three tissue types, Dermal, Ground and Vascular, in longitudinal sections of the root and stem.
9 Identify and draw the structure of Xylem and Phloem and state their function 
10 Distinguish between Xylem Vessels and Xylem tracheids, and between Phloem Sieve Tube Cells and Companion Cells

5. 11. Identify Monocots and Dicots under the Headings:
11. Identify Monocots and Dicots under the Headings: Number of flower parts Vein pattern in leaf Arrangement of Vascular Bundles Number of Cotyledons in the seed Woody or Herbaceous
12. Mandatory Practical: Prepare and examine a transverse section of a Dicot stem under the microscope

6. What Flowering Plant typically have:
1. Transport (Vascular) Structures
2. Roots
3. Stems
4. Leafs
5. Flowers
6. Fruits & Seeds

7. External Structure of Flowering Plants Over ground shoot system
Under ground root system

8. Label Diagram of flowering plant

9. Root Types
1. Tap Roots
One main root growing from the radicle eg Carrot
2. Fibrous Roots
Many equal sized roots arising from stem base eg grass
3. Adventitious Roots
Roots that do not develop from the radicle. E.g. gripping roots of ivy.

10. Root Functions 1. Anchor plant in the ground 2. Absorb Water
3. Absorb minerals
4. Transport absorbed materials to shoot
5. Store food

11. Meristem An area of active cell division
Apical meristems are found at the tip of the shoot and tip of the root and give an increase in length
Lateral meristems are found around the edges of some plants and give an ìncrease in width

12. Four Root Zones Differentiation Zone Elongation Zone Meristematic Zone
Protection Zone

13. Root Zones Differentiation Zone
Here cells develop into 3 different types of tissue
1. Dermal tissue
2. Ground Tissue
3. Vascular tissue

14. Root Zones
Elongation Zone
Here cells increase in size

15. Root Zones Meristematic Zone
Here new cells are produced by mitosis divisions

16. Root Zones Protection Zone
A root cap protects the cells as the root pushes through the soil

17. Quiz 1. Name the two types of root system 2. Explain the term Meristem
3. Name the four zones in a root
4. What is the function of the root cap ?

18. Tissue location in the root (transverse section)
Dermal Tissue
Xylem
Vascular Tissue
Phloem
Ground Tissue

19. Tissue location in the root (transverse section)
Dermal Tissue
Xylem
Vascular Tissue
Phloem
Ground Tissue

20. Tissue location in the root (transverse section) (Center part of root)
Xylem
Vascular Tissue
Phloem
Ground Tissue

21. Tissue location in the root (Longitudinal section)
Dermal Tissue
Ground Tissue
Vascular Tissue
Ground Tissue
Dermal Tissue

22. Stem Functions 1. Support the arial parts of the plant
2. Transport water and minerals from roots to leafs
3. Transport food from leafs to roots
4. Sometimes store food

23. Function of outer stem parts
Terminal Bud
Increase stem length
Lateral Bud
Grow side branches
Lenticels
Gas exchange

24. A= Terminal Bud B= Leaf Scar C= Scale Scar D= Lateral Bud Lenticels
Year 3
C= Scale Scar
Year 2
D= Lateral Bud
Year 1
Lenticels

25. Tissue location in stem (Transverse section)
Dermal Tissue
Xylem
Vascular Tissue
Phloem
Ground Tissue

26. Tissue location in stem ( Longitudinal section)
Dermal
Ground
Vascular
Ground
Vascular
Ground
Dermal

27. Learning Check 2 ….. Label the diagram

28. Leaf parts
Some leaves do not have a petiole (They are called sessile leaves)
Veins contain the vascular tissue

29. Leaf Functions 1. Photosynthesis 2. Transpiration 3. Gas exchange
4. Sometimes store food

30. Tissue Location in the Leaf
Dermal Tissue
Ground Tissue
Vascular Tissue
Dermal Tissue

31. Flower Function
Sexual Reproduction

32. Vascular Tissue 1. Xylem 2. Phloem Transport water Function
Transport minerals
2. Phloem
Transport food
Function

33. Xylem Structure….Two types of Cell
Xylem Tracheids
Xylem Vessels
On maturity both are dead, hollow and contain no cytoplasm
Found in conifers
Found in deciduous trees

34. Xylem Tracheid Structure
Long cells tapered at both ends
Pits in the walls – allow water and minerals to move sideways from cell to cell
Walls thickened with lignin for support

35. Xylem Vessels Structure
Elongated cells
Spiral lignin for strength
No end walls – form a continuous tube
Pits to allow sideways movement of water

36. Phloem Structure 2 Companion Cells 1. Sieve tube cells
Mature cells have no nucleus
2 Companion Cells
Sieve plates
Nucleus controls activities of both companion and sieve tube cell
Cytoplasm extends from cell to cell through the sieve plate

37. Phloem
Longitudinal and Transverse sections

38. Example of Monocot and Dicot
Buttercup
Grass

39. Arrangement of vascular bundles in the stem
Differences between Monocots & Dicots
Monocotyledons
Dicotyledons
Number of cotyledons
One
Two
Arrangement of vascular bundles in the stem
Scattered in the stem
In a ring pattern
Leaf venation
Parallel
Netted
Number of flower parts
In threes
In fours and fives
Woody or herbaceous
Almost all are herbaceous
May be woody or herbaceous

40. Identification of Monocots & Dicots

41. Learning Check 3 1. State two functions of a leaf
2. Distinguish between xylem vessels and xylem tracheids
3. What is the role of the companion cell in phloem tissue
4. How is a transverse section of a monocot stem different to the TS od a Dicot stem ?

42. End