1. The Digestive System

2. Functions: mechanical and chemical breakdown of food
15.1
Functions: mechanical and chemical breakdown of food
       *absorption of nutrients
Consists of alimentary canal and accessory organs

3. Wall of the Alimentary Canal

4. Mixing Movements
Contractions mix food with digestive juices
Peristalsis - pushes food down the tube

5. Anatomy of the Mouth

6. Submandibular - below jaw Sublingual - under tongue
Salivary Glands
Parotid - ear, cheek
Submandibular - below jaw
Sublingual - under tongue

7. Esophagus esophageal hiatus is where it penetrates the diaphragm
cardiac sphincter at entrance to stomach

8. STOMACH MUSCLES:   Longitudinal, Circular, Oblique

9. Stomach Regions Cardiac Fundic Body (greater and lesser curvature)
Pyloric

10. Stomach Lining
Gastric Juices contain acids that break down food  - secreted by gastric glands
PEPSIN  - most important digestive enzyme for breaking down food
Mucus prevents stomach from digesting itself

11. Chyme - paste, after food has been broken down, released then into the duodenum via the pyloric sphincter valve
Rugae - folds within stomach
Gastric Pits contain glands to make juices

12. PANCREAS - secretes insulin which breaks down sugars
Pancreatic Juice also breaks down fat

13.  Liver
 1 large right lobe  | 1 smaller left lobe

14. Liver - ducts and vessels
Hepatic duct --> to common bile duct
Hepatic portal vein - circulates blood through liver

15. Liver Functions 1. blood glucose levels
2.  breakdown of lipids and fats
3.  protein metabolism
4.  stores vitamins
5.  destroys damaged RBCs
6.  removes toxins
7.  secretes bile

16. Remember Bili Lights?
Using bili lights is a therapeutic procedure performed on newborn or premature infants to reduce elevated levels of bilirubin. If blood levels of bilirubin become too high, the bilirubin begins to dissolve in the body tissues, producing the characteristic yellow eyes and skin of jaundice. 

17. Gall Bladder - under liver
          cystic duct --> common bile duct
          stores bile, digests fat
                 *gallstones may form

18. Membrane holds it together, contains blood vessels
Small Intestine
Starts at the pyloric sphincter
1.  Duodenum
2.  Jejunum
3.  Ileum
*Mesentery 
Membrane holds it together,  contains blood vessels

19. Greater Omentum
a  "curtain-like" membrane that covers the intestines, stores fat and lays like a drape

20. The main function of the small intestine is to secrete chemicals that break down food and carry the nutrients away in the blood stream.  In one word:
ABSORPTION

21. Large Intestine Cecum Appendix Colon (4 parts)
Cecum 
Appendix
 Colon (4 parts)
    Cecum     Ascending     Transverse      Descending      Sigmoid
Rectum
Anus

22. Function of Large Intestine
Secretes mucus,  reabsorbs water, contains bacteria to aid in digestion  (intestinal flora)
Mass Movements (defecation) - removes undigested food
The main job is 
WATER REABSORPTION...

23. stomach
transverse colon
ascending colon
descending colon
cecum
appendix
sigmoid colon
rectum

24. 1.  esophagus
2.  liver
3.  stomach
4. pyloric sphincter
5.  duodenum
6.  pancreas
7.  jejunum
8.  ileum
9.  cecum
10. appendix
11.  ascending colon
12.  descending colon
13.  sigmoid colong
14.  anus

25. Disorders of the Digestive System
GERD
Gastroesophageal reflux disease

26. STOMACH ULCERS

27. Lactose Intolerance 
Inability to digest milk, can cause stomach upset

28. Appendicitis

29. Hernia
intestines poke through abdominal muscles

30. Gallstones (Cholelithiasis)
Gallstones are made from cholesterol and other things found in the bile. They can be smaller than a grain of sand or as large as a golf ball.

31. Gallstones within the gall bladder

33. Gastric Bypass Surgery