1. Chapter 12 Empires in East Asia
Chapter Objective
Study East Asian empires and analyze the movement of people and ideas among them.

2. Lesson 1: Tang and Song China
Objectives for the lesson:
Identify the main rulers of the Tang Dynasty.
Describe the causes & effects of the Song Dynasty’s retreat to the south.
Summarize the achievements of the Tang & Song empires.
Describe changes in Chinese society.

3. Timeline of Chinese Dynasties
Sui
Tang
Song
Han

4. The Tang Dynasty Expands China
TANG TAIZONG
WU ZHAO

5. Tang Rulers’ Accomplishments to Expand China
Under their reign of nearly 300 years:
Regained lands previous lost from battles; in addition, Korea
Strengthened their central government
Promoted trade and commerce
Restored the civil service system
Exam taken to be employed; helped gain social status

6. Fall of the Tang Dynasty
3 Factors leading to the fall of the Tang Dynasty:
Imposition of heavy taxes
Inability to maintain order
Series of internal rebellions

7. The Song Dynasty Restores China
TAIZU
Founding member of the Song Dynasty
His dynasty ruled a smaller China
Trading under his dynasty helped keep the empire prosperous

8. Science & Technology Under Both Dynasties
GUNPOWDER
MOVABLE TYPE (video attached)

9. Science & Technology Under Both Dynasties
PORCELAIN
MAGNETIC COMPASS

10. Science & Technology Under Both Dynasties
PAPER MONEY
MECHANICAL CLOCK
They also made advances in arithmetic & algebra, such as using negative numbers.

11. Other Advancements AGRICULTURE TRADE & FOREIGN CONTACTS
Variety of fast-ripening rice was imported from Vietnam, allowing farmers to produce more food to feed China’s expanding population.
Chinese had great sea power
The magnetic compass allowed them to expand sea trade
Allowed Chinese to exchanged cultural & religious ideas with each other

12. Other Advancements DAOIST ART POETRY
Li Bo wrote about life’s pleasures.
Tu Fu wrote about orderliness, Confucian virtues, & soldiers’ hardships in war.
Temple on a Mountain Ledge by Kuncan (circa 1661 )

13. Changes in Chinese Society
Levels of Society
Gentry
Gained social status through employment & education
Urban middle class
Merchants, shopkeepers, skilled artisans, minor officials, & others
Bottom class
Laborers, soldiers, servants

14. The Status of Women
Lily-foot: Upper class girls’ feet was bound to reflect wealth & prestige of their husband.
Women are subservient to men.

15. Lesson 2: The Mongol Conquests
Nomads tended to move west & south across the steppe because of climate.

16. The Nomadic Way of Life
Mongol nomads traveled by clans - claimed membership through a common ancestor
These pastoralists depended on their animals for food, clothing, & housing.

17. The Rise of the Mongols Genghis Khan (1162? – 1227)
Formerly known as Temujin until he accepted this title for uniting the Mongol people around 1200.
Title means “universal ruler”
Brilliant military strategist and organizer

18. The Mongol Empire
Genghis Khan’s successors further expanded the Mongol Empire into Russia, Korea, and Persia.
It became the largest unified empire in history.

19. What do you believe made Mongols successful in building an empire?
They had a strong leader, Genghis Khan, due to his talent and skills.
They were accustomed to scarcity & hardship of nomadic life.
They used cruelty as their weapon of intimidation.
They were able to maintain control of the huge empire by dividing it into 4 khanates.
They imposed peace & stability & encouraged trade.

20. Lesson 3: The Mongol Empire
Biography
Grandson of Genghis Khan
Lived most of his life in China instead Mongolia (wasn’t a nomad)
His Rule
Became Great Khan in 1260, which meant he ruled whole empire.
Founder of the Yuan Dynasty.
Moved the capital from Mongolia to Beijing in China.
United China for the 1st time in 300 years.
KUBLAI KHAN

21. Kublai Khan’s failure to take Japan
Up until WWII, Kublai’s 2 invasions of Japan was the largest seaborne invasion in history.
Japan believed it was divine intervention, the kamikaze (divine winds), that saved them from the Mongols.

22. Mongol Rule in China Government Infrastructure
Posts were given either to Mongols or foreigners
Mongols felt Chinese were dishonest
Infrastructure
Rebuilt & extended the Grand Canal
Ensured steady supply of food between north & south

23. Mongol Rule in China Foreign Trade flourishes MARCO POLO
Foreign traders were invited by Kublai Khan
Marco Polo was a European trader who became a personal aide to Kublai Khan.
Traders mainly used Silk Roads to travel to & from China.
Popular trade products were Chinese silk and inventions
MARCO POLO

24. The End of Mongol Rule Causes that weakened & ended the empire
Death of Kublai Khan, causing differences between family members
Overtaxed Chinese citizens
Government corruption
Overspending on war, public works, & luxuries
Chinese rebellions
Chinese rebels eventually overthrew the Yuan Dynasty.

25. Lesson 4: Feudal Powers in Japan

26. Geography of Japan Archipelago of 4,000 islands: 4 Main Islands
Hokkaido
Honshu
Shikoku
Kyushu

27. Early Japan Origin of Name Faith
RI-BEN: “origin of the sun” or “land of the rising sun”
Faith
Shinto: Believed in kami (divine spirits)
Spirits were believed to live in a beautiful tree, waterfall, rock, or mountain.

28. Japanese Culture: Cultural Borrowing from China
Buddhism
Introduced by Korean immigrants
Japanese blended their Shinto beliefs with Buddhism
Koreans brought “Chinese influence”.
Most of Chinese practice influenced Japan except for the civil service system.

29. Life in the Heian Period
Capital of Japan: Heian (now called Kyoto)
Highly refined court society arose
Rules dictated every aspect of life
All were expected to write poetry & paint
Picture at right: The Tale of Genji, written by Lady Murasaki, was the first known novel.

30. Feudalism Erodes Imperial Authority
Decline of Central Power
Large landowners set up private armies
These landowners became warlords
Japan became lawless and dangerous
Wars between warlords became commonplace
Small farmers exchanged parts of their land to warlords in exchange for protection.

31. Warriors in Feudal Japan
Samurai
Worked for warlords
Lived by Bushido
They believed in dying an honorable death
Committed suicide rather than face dishonor or defeat

32. The Kamakura Shogunate
Had powers of a military dictator
Yoritomo (at left) was the first shogun
Kamakura shoguns were the rulers when Kublai Khan twice tried to invade Japan.

33. Lesson 5: Kingdoms of Southeast Asia & Korea

34. Southeast Asia’s Geography
Land
Lies between the Indian & Pacific Oceans
Made up of 2 main parts: Indochina & the Islands
Started south of China (Dai Viet aka Vietnam) stretching all the way almost to Australia
Climate
Warm, humid tropics
Seasonal monsoons

35. Influence of India and China on Southeast Asia
Influenced by India & China in:
Political system
Religion (Hindu & Buddhism)
Art and Language
Right: Vishnu, Hindu supreme god

36. Khmer Empire and Srivijaya Empire
Main power of Southeast Asia
Prospered through rice cultivation
Capital was Angkor
Location of Angkor Wat
Now called Cambodia
Ruled the Strait of Malacca & around the waters of Sumatra, Borneo, & Java.
Capital was Palembang
Center of Buddhist learning
Prospered through taxing trade

37. Ly Dynasty Accomplishments in Ruling Dai Viet
Dai Viet (Vietnam) was more influenced by China than India.
Capital was Hanoi, which held a strong central government.
Improved road/river transportation
Promoted agriculture & trade.
Ly Thai To – 1st Vietnamese emperor of Ly Dynasty

38. View Vietnam and Korea

39. Korea’s Geography Land Climate
Peninsula stretching from Asian mainland toward Japan.
Mountainous & surrounded by sea, they were somewhat isolated
Climate
Experiences the four seasons

40. Koryu Dynasty & Culture in Korea
Influenced mainly by China
Political systems
Despite civil service system, noble people still had the best positions.
Survived Mongol occupation
Late overthrown by Yi Dynasty
Culture best known in art
Celadon Pottery
Wooden blocks for Buddhist scriptures
Wang Kon – founder of Koryu Dynasty

41. Korean Culture
(L): Celadon pottery