1. COMPOSITION OF BLOOD DR. AYESHA JUNAID MBBS,MCPS,FCPS. Professor of Pathology Consultant Haematology Incharge Blood Transfusion Services SIH

2. Composition of blood. Little bit of functions of blood. Plasma and its composition. CELLULAR COMPONENTS: RBCs: their structure, function and count. WBCs: their types, structure, function & count. Platelets: their structure, function and count. OBJECTIVES: COMPOSITION OF BLOOD

3. COMPOSITION OF BLOOD  5 LITRE  55% PLASMA  45% CELLULAR COMPONENTS

4. Blood is slightly denser and approximately 3-4 times more viscous than water, blood consists of cells which are suspended in a liquid. Cellular Components 99% red blood cells, with white blood cells and platelets making up the remainder. Water, of blood has amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, hormones, vitamins, electrolytes, dissolved gases, and cellular wastes. COMPOSITION OF BLOOD

5. By volume. Plasma is about 92% water, with plasma proteins as the most abundant solutes. The main plasma protein groups are albumin globulin fibrinogen The primary blood gases are oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen. COMPOSITION OF BLOOD

6.  Centrifuged blood: Plasma 55% Buffy coat  WBCs <1%  Erythrocytes  Hematocrit 45%.

7. COMPOSITION OF BL OOD  Plasma.  90% water  10% solutes Ions, e.g., Na+, Cl-, Ca++ Nutrients, e.g., simple sugars, amino acids, lipids Wastes, e.g., urea, ammonia, CO2 Miscellaneous: O2, hormones, vitamins, plasma proteins.

8. COMPOSITION OF BLOOD Plasma Proteins.  Albumin Helps control osmotic pressure Helps control diffusion of water  Globulin Includes antibodies Transport proteins (lipids, iron, copper, etc.)  Fibrinogen Involved in clotting

9. COMPOSITION OF BLOOD  Serum: Blood plasma from which the protein fibrinogen, which causes clotting of the blood, has been removed.  For all blood chemistry serum of blood is preferred over plasma

10. WBC, Total.............(4000/μL -11000/μL) RBC, Total......M(4.5 - 6.5)m/μL, F(3.85.8)m/μL. Hemoglobin... M(13.0-18.0)g/dL F(11.6-16.5)g/dL HCT......................... M(40 - 54)% F(38 - 47)% MCV..................... (80 - 90)fL MCH....................... (27 - 32)pg MCHC..................... (33 - 38)g/dL Platelet Count....................(150,000-400,000)/μL COMPOSITION OF BLOOD

11. Red cell indices  MCV  MCH  MCHC  RDW

12. COMPOSITION OF BLOOD  MCV  is a measure of the average red cell volume  HCT/RBC  Normocytic 75-95 fl  Macrocytic >95fl  Microcytic <75fl

13. PERIPHERAL FILM

17. COMPOSITION OF BLOOD  MCH  Is the average mass of Hemoglobin per red blood cell.  HB/RBC  MCH:27 -31 pg  Anemia : low MCH  Cannot increase than normal

18. COMPOSITION OF BLOOD  MCHC  is a measure of the concentration of Hemoglobin in a given volume of packed red blood cells.  MCHC:32 to 36 g/dl  Decreases in anemia

19. COMPOSITION OF BLOOD  RDW  is an index of the variation in cell volume within the red cell population  RDW = (Standard deviation ÷ mean cell volume) x 100