1. Stephanie Hodges 2005 2005

2. Principles b Planes can’t fly without wings b Bernoulli discovered that to fly, lift must overcome weight and thrust must overcome drag

3. Concepts of Bernoulli's Principle  The Wing is curved so the air must go faster over the top to meet with the air that goes over the bottom at the back wing, this creates low pressure.

4. Bernoulli’s Principles Continued b Objects move towards the low pressure b The wing then moves up creating Lift because the wind speeds over the top of the wing faster

5. Drag, Thrust, and Weight b b Drag is created by air friction b b Weight is the mass of the airplane b b Thrust is created by the engine(s) of the airplane

6. Drag, Thrust and, Weight Continued b Thrust and Drag are opposites so to achieve lift, the thrust must be greater than the drag.

7. Wing Structure b Most wings are made of metals to make it strong.  Most have support of a system of spars and Ribs. The wing is not solid because it would be too heavy.

8. Wings-Design b Wings are designed differently for each purpose, depending on the speed a plane designer wants a certain wing is chosen.

9. The Types are Straight, Swept Back, Swept Forward, and Delta Delta and Swept wings are used for Fighter Jets Commercial Airlines use Straight Wings Wing-Designs Cont.

10. Wings-Airfoils b There are many types of Airfoils. b Airfoils are the shape of the wing. b These are (in order of Picture): b Low Camber b Deep Camber 1 and 2

11. Stall Characteristics b Things like Planform, Angle Of Incident, and Washout are designed to keep the airplane from stalling b Planform is a number system that decides the stall characteristics What Keeps an Airplane from stalling?

12. Stall Characteristics Cont. b Planform is a number system that decides the stall characteristics b For instance a number 7 airplane is different from a number 2 plane.

13. Stall Characteristics Continued b Angle of Incident is the angle of which the wing is stuck to the main body b Washout is where the wing is twisted so the Angle of Incident is different at each end

14. Stall Characteristics Cont. b So as you can see, the plane does not stall so easily because the slow speeds and the turbulence is handled.

15. Wing Additions b Wings have been added to over the Years b Many things such as Flaps, Slots and Slats, Speed Brakes, and Wing Fences have been added

16. Wing Fences b Wing fences are to help control the air flow over the wing over the wing b It helps to lower the turbulence over the wing

17. Speed Brakes b Speed Brake slow down the plane at high speeds b It helps to decrease the angle of attack during landing

18. Slats and Slots b A Slat is a mechanism in the wing that during flight the air goes into the wing to prevent turbulence, the slot is a hole that does the same thing

19. Flaps b Flaps can help increase or decrease the angle of attack in lift-off or landing b The Flaps are connected to the trailing edge of the wing

20. About Me b Hi my name is Stephanie Hodges. I am 13 and I live in Winston Salem. My favorite animal is the Puffin, followed by Cats.

21. Bibliography b Principles of Physics. April 30, 2005 <Http://www.allstar.fiu.edu b “Airplanes”.. 1998 ed. b “Airplanes”. World Book. 1998 ed. b Beyond the Limits. April 29, 2005 b Beyond the Limits. April 29, 2005  Craig, Gale M. Stop Abusing Bernoulli Learn How Wings Really Work. 19 May. 2005.