1. The Reign of Louis XIV Chapter 21, Section 2

2. Section Opener After a century of war and riots, France was ruled by Louis XIV, the most powerful monarch of this time. After a century of war and riots, France was ruled by Louis XIV, the most powerful monarch of this time.

3. Religious Wars and Power Struggles Henry of Navarre Henry of Navarre Henry, who was a French Calvinist (Huguenot) ascends to French throne in 1589 and converts to Catholicism ending the religious wars. Henry, who was a French Calvinist (Huguenot) ascends to French throne in 1589 and converts to Catholicism ending the religious wars. Issues Edict of Nantes—a declaration of religious toleration Issues Edict of Nantes—a declaration of religious toleration

4. Religious Wars and Power Struggles Louis XIII and Cardinal Richelieu Louis XIII appoints Cardinal Richelieu in 1624 as minister who rules France. Increases power of the Bourbons by limiting Huguenots’ freedom Also weakens power of the nobility

5. Picture of Louis XIII

6. Writers Turn Toward Skepticism A New Attitude A New Attitude Skepticism—the idea that nothing can be known for certain. It resulted from those who were horrified by groups that claimed to be the only ones with a correct set of doctrines. Skepticism—the idea that nothing can be known for certain. It resulted from those who were horrified by groups that claimed to be the only ones with a correct set of doctrines. Montaigne and Descartes Montaigne and Descartes Montaigne explores ideas about life’s meaning in essays. Montaigne explores ideas about life’s meaning in essays. Descartes uses observation and reason to create new philosophy and help develop scientific method. Descartes uses observation and reason to create new philosophy and help develop scientific method.

7. Louis XIV Comes to Power A New French Ruler A New French Ruler Louis XIV is the most powerful ruler in French history. Louis XIV is the most powerful ruler in French history. Louis the Boy King Louis the Boy King Hatred of Cardinal Mazarin, Louis’ minister while he was a boy, leads to riots. Hatred of Cardinal Mazarin, Louis’ minister while he was a boy, leads to riots.

8. Louis Weakens the Nobles Authority Louis Weakens the Nobles Authority Louis takes control of the government in 1661. Louis takes control of the government in 1661. He appoints intendants—government agents—to collect taxes. He appoints intendants—government agents—to collect taxes. Economic Growth Economic Growth Jean Baptiste Colbert—finance minister—helps the economy grow. He believes in mercantilism. Jean Baptiste Colbert—finance minister—helps the economy grow. He believes in mercantilism. In 1685, Louis cancels Edict of Nantes; Huguenots flee France. In 1685, Louis cancels Edict of Nantes; Huguenots flee France.

9. The Sun King’s Grand Style A Life of Luxury A Life of Luxury Louis lives very well, with every meal a feast. Louis lives very well, with every meal a feast. Louis Controls the Nobility Louis Controls the Nobility Louis keeps nobles at palace to increase his power over them. Louis keeps nobles at palace to increase his power over them. Builds magnificent palace at Versailles Builds magnificent palace at Versailles Patronage of the Arts Patronage of the Arts Versailles is a center of arts during reign of Louis XIV Versailles is a center of arts during reign of Louis XIV Purpose of the arts is to glorify Louis Purpose of the arts is to glorify Louis

10. Panoramic view of Versailles Palace

11. Another view of Versailles Palace

12. Drawing of Versailles from above

13. Queen’s Bed Chamber

14. Louis Fights Disastrous Wars Attempts to Expand France’s Boundaries Attempts to Expand France’s Boundaries Louis fights wars in the 1660s and 1670s to expand France. Louis fights wars in the 1660s and 1670s to expand France. 1667-Invades Spanish Netherlands. 1667-Invades Spanish Netherlands. 1672-Invades Dutch Netherlands. 1672-Invades Dutch Netherlands. In 1680s, many countries unite against him in League of Augsburg In 1680s, many countries unite against him in League of Augsburg France is weakened by poor harvests, warfare, and high taxes. France is weakened by poor harvests, warfare, and high taxes.

15. Louis Fights Disastrous Wars War of Spanish Succession War of Spanish Succession War of Spanish Succession begins in 1701 War of Spanish Succession begins in 1701 This war attempts to prevent the union of the French and Spanish throne. This war attempts to prevent the union of the French and Spanish throne. War ends in 1714; France and Spain lose some possessions. War ends in 1714; France and Spain lose some possessions.

16. Louis Fights Disastrous Wars Louis’s Death and Legacy Louis’s Death and Legacy Louis dies leaving mixed legacy Louis dies leaving mixed legacy Rule makes France a major military and cultural power in Europe Rule makes France a major military and cultural power in Europe His wars and palace leave France with heavy debts. His wars and palace leave France with heavy debts.