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Published byPatricia Phelps Modified over 9 years ago
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John R Onufer MD FHRS
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Paroxysmal(that which terminates spontaneously) Persistent Sustained > 7 days, or lasting < 7 days but requires pharmacologic or electrical cardioversion treatment Long lasting persistent: That which may last longer than 7 days but plans to convert to nsr Permanent No longer plan to return to NSR (chronic afib is no longer a term)
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1. PV isolation: PV isolation alone is a 50-20% Success (afib <1 year associated with higher success) 2. Linear lesions with pv isolation (Willems: 69 vs 20% mean fu 487 days) Roof between lspv and rspv LIPV to Mitral annulus TV-IVC
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3. CFAEs: Definition variable 120 msec. but not clearly associated with areas of scar. Variable results 4. Non Pulmonary Foci; Ligament of Marshall SVC Mitral annulus CS Crista terminalis LA posterior wall LA appendage
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38% Drug free success at 20 months 81% if perform multiple procedures Termination of afib during ablation for persistent and long standing persistent afib predictive of higher success rate. Critical to confirm pv isolation and Integrety of lines after conversion to nsr 86% terminate to atach or aflutter (focal, macro reentrant, localized reentry)
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Higher complication rate Longer procedure times Higher rate of post procedure atrial tachycardias Longer fluro times
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Higher rates of recurrance: LA size greater than 4.3 cm Pulmonary disease Duration of afib Valvular heart disease
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Careful identification of the PV ostia is mandatory to avoid ablation within the PVs. If a focal trigger is identified outside a PV at the time of an AF ablation procedure, ablation of that focal trigger should be considered. If additional linear lesions are applied, operators should consider using mapping and pacing maneuvers to assess for line completeness. Ablation of the cavotricuspid isthmus is recommended in patients with a history of typical atrial flutter or inducible cavotricuspid isthmus dependent atrial flutter.
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If patients with long standing persistent AF are approached, operators should consider more extensive ablations based on linear lesions or complex fractionated electrograms It is recommended that RF power be reduced when creating lesions along the posterior wall near the esophagus
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1. Remains a challenge 2. There is no uniform procedure PV antral isolation superior to pv wide area encircling lesions with voltage abatement CFAE ablation alone inferior to PVAI and linear lesions No incremental benefit to right atrial CFAE ablation (routinely) CFAE ablation may or may not provide incremental benefit when added to PVAI. 3. Risk/Benefit for any patient has to be carefully considered 4. Long term outcomes need to be evaluated in randomized trials
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