1. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 8e English Skills with Readings, 6e Chapter Two The Writing Process

2. Chapter 15 © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 8e English Skills with Readings, 6e The Process: 4 Steps in a Nutshell clearly stated point or thesisDiscover a clearly stated point or thesis. logical, detailed supportProvide logical, detailed support for your thesis. Organize and connect Organize and connect your supporting material. Revise and edit Revise and edit so that your sentences are effective and error-free.

3. Chapter 15 © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 8e English Skills with Readings, 6e Prewriting Techniques Freewriting Questioning Making a List Diagramming Preparing a Scratch Outline

4. Chapter 15 © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 8e English Skills with Readings, 6e Freewriting Write nonstop for ten minutes and jot down in rough sentences or phrases everything that comes to mind about a possible topic.Write nonstop for ten minutes and jot down in rough sentences or phrases everything that comes to mind about a possible topic. There are lots of things I get annoyed by. One of them is politishans, in fact I am so annoyed by them the last thing I want is to write about them. Another thing that bothers me is noisy people at the movies. I used to love the movies….

5. Chapter 15 © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 8e English Skills with Readings, 6e Freewriting Do not worry (yet) about spelling or punctuation. [...] There are lots of things I get annoyed by. One of them is politishans. [...]

6. Chapter 15 © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 8e English Skills with Readings, 6e Questioning ??????????? Ask as many questions as you can think of about your subject.Ask as many questions as you can think of about your subject. Why?Why? When?When? Where?Where? Who?Who? How?How? ?

7. Chapter 15 © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 8e English Skills with Readings, 6e Making a List (aka “brainstorming”) Collect a list of ideas and details that relate to your subject.Collect a list of ideas and details that relate to your subject. Do not worry about the order of the list.Do not worry about the order of the list. –Traffic is bad between my house and theatre –Noisy patrons –Don’t want to run into Jeremy –Hard to be on a diet

8. Chapter 15 © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 8e English Skills with Readings, 6e Clustering (aka “diagramming” or “mapping”) Write your subject in the center of a blank sheet of paper.Write your subject in the center of a blank sheet of paper. Jot down ideas and details around the subject.Jot down ideas and details around the subject. Use lines, boxes, arrows and circles to show relationships among ideas and details.Use lines, boxes, arrows and circles to show relationships among ideas and details.

9. Chapter 15 © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 8e English Skills with Readings, 6e Diagramming Movies Might see old boyfriend Noisy People Adults Coughing and sneezing Telling Plot Teenagers Showing off Yelling Too many people Line at box office Traffic getting to theater Temptations Popcorn Chocolate bars

10. Chapter 15 © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 8e English Skills with Readings, 6e Preparing a Scratch Outline Think carefully about:Think carefully about: The point you are makingThe point you are making The supporting items for that pointThe supporting items for that point The order in which you will arrange those itemsThe order in which you will arrange those items

11. Chapter 15 © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 8e English Skills with Readings, 6e Writing a First Draft Your Goals: State your main idea clearly.State your main idea clearly. Develop the content of paper with plenty of specific details.Develop the content of paper with plenty of specific details.

12. Chapter 15 © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 8e English Skills with Readings, 6e Revision Set your draft aside for a while.Set your draft aside for a while. Work from typed or printed text.Work from typed or printed text. Read your draft aloud.Read your draft aloud. Add your thoughts and changes above the lines or in the margins of your paper.Add your thoughts and changes above the lines or in the margins of your paper.

13. Chapter 15 © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 8e English Skills with Readings, 6e 3 Stages to the Revising Process Revising contentRevising content Revising sentencesRevising sentences EditingEditing 3

14. Chapter 15 © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 8e English Skills with Readings, 6e Revising Content Unity Main ideaMain idea must be clearly stated in introductory paragraph. Supporting points must back up main idea.

15. Chapter 15 © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 8e English Skills with Readings, 6e Revising Content Support At least three separate points must support the main idea.At least three separate points must support the main idea. Plenty of specific evidence must be provided for each supporting point.Plenty of specific evidence must be provided for each supporting point. Must have support...

16. Chapter 15 © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 8e English Skills with Readings, 6e Revising Sentences Useto balance words and ideas: Correct: The mugger jumped out and scared her. Incorrect: The mugger jumped out and scares her.

17. Chapter 15 © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 8e English Skills with Readings, 6e Revising Sentences Keep voice and tense consistent. –Jean punched down the risen yeast dough in the bowl. Then you dump it onto the floured work table and knead it into a smooth, shiny ball. Jean punched down the risen yeast dough in the bowl. Then she dumped it onto the floured work table and kneaded it into a smooth shiny ball.

18. Chapter 15 © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 8e English Skills with Readings, 6e Revising Sentences Avoid slang, clichés, pretentious language, and wordiness.Avoid slang, clichés, pretentious language, and wordiness.

19. Chapter 15 © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 8e English Skills with Readings, 6e Revising Sentences Use verbs. PassivePassive The car was crashed by me. ActiveActive I crashed the car. Forms of to be : isamarewaswerebeen

20. Chapter 15 © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 8e English Skills with Readings, 6e Revising Sentences The truck was speeding. The truck was brown. The truck skidded on some ice. The truck almost hit a police officer. The police officer was startled. The police officer was young. The brown speeding truck startled the young police officer as it skidded on some ice and almost hit him.

21. Chapter 15 © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 8e English Skills with Readings, 6e Editing – grammar – punctuation – spelling