1. Asexual propagation

2. Why use asexual propagation? Uniformity Propagate non-seed producing plants Avoid seedborne diseases To create insect or disease resistant plants To incorporate environmental tolerances To reproduce and retain the genetic traits of a hybrid Control size and form of a plant Can be faster and easier, cheaper

5. Disadvantages of asexual propagation Uniformity Short storage time Bulky Systemic infections can be spread

6. Types of asexual propagation Specialized parts Cuttings Layering Grafting Tissue culture

7. Specialized plant parts Offshoots Separation Division

9. Division - rhizomes

10. Division of rhizomes

11. Division

15. Division – fleshy roots

16. Division – tuberous roots

17. Separation Bulbs Corms

18. Separation – bulbs

20. Separation - bulbs Amaryllis (a tunicate bulb)

23. Scooping bulbs

24. Separation – scaly bulbs

25. Separation - corms

26. Cuttings Herbaceous Woody plants –Softwood –Semi-hardwood (ripe) –Hardwood

27. Cuttings Herbaceous –Stem –Stem tip –Leaf bud –Leaf

28. Leaf cuttings

29. Whole leaf cuttings

31. Leaf cuttings Keep moist at all times

33. Leaf cuttings

34. Cuttings from variegated plants

37. Roots tend to develop at nodes

38. Cuttings Softwood – late spring, new growth Semi-hardwood (ripe) – summer, recent growth Hardwood – late fall (dormant), 1 yr. growth

40. Semi-hardwood (ripe) cuttings

41. Semi-ripe: Leaf-bud cuttings

45. Cutting principles Age of material Correct seasonal timing Sterile rooting medium, sanitation High humidity No direct sun Shoots without flowers or flower buds Node near base of cutting Rooting hormones Basal wounding of woody cuttings Remove leaves in contact with rooting medium

46. Bottom heat aids in rooting

47. Cutting resources Fine Gardening Magazine online University Ag Extension sites –NCSUNCSU –PurduePurdue –Univ. of MissouriUniv. of Missouri

48. Campbell University Mission statement

49. God and plant propagation " 'This is what the Sovereign LORD says: I myself will take a shoot from the very top of a cedar and plant it; I will break off a tender sprig from its topmost shoots and plant it on a high and lofty mountain. 23 On the mountain heights of Israel I will plant it; it will produce branches and bear fruit and become a splendid cedar.” (Ezekiel 17)

50. Runners

51. Layering

52. Types of layering Simple layering Tip layering Compound layering Mound layering Trench layering Air layering

53. Tip layering Limited to brambles

54. Simple layering Layer in Spring with 1 yr. old wood –rooted by fall--remove

55. Rooting layers

56. Compound (serpentine) layering Use with flexible vines

57. Mound layering Used for rootstock production in nursery trees

58. Trench layering

59. Air layering Developed by Chinese

60. Air layering

62. Grafting

63. Why graft? Incorporate disease, insect resistance (link)link Incorporate temperature tolerance Quickly increase # of a desirable type Change cultivar of fruit in an orchard Control form (dwarfing, weeping, tree mums & roses) Repair bark damage

64. Grafting principles Contact between vascular cambium of scion and rootstock

65. Grafting principles Taxonomic compatibility Timing of graft (dormant scion) Waterproof graft junction Rootstock diameter > scion diameter

66. Whip or Tongue grafting Most common grafting method

67. Grafting over Adding a cultivar to an established fruit tree –Replace the existing cultivar –Add a new pollinator –Try a new cultivar Top-working Frame-working

68. Bark grafting (Rind graft, p. 437)

69. Cleft grafting Topworking

70. Double working (p. 440) Using an interstock to graft an incompatible scion to a rootstock –Interstock is compatible with both scion and rootstock

71. Side grafting

72. Approach grafting Use when detached scion not possible

73. Flat grafting cacti

74. Budding Scion is a bud Used to propagate fruit trees, roses

75. T-budding

76. Chip budding

77. Patch budding

78. Bridge grafting to repair damage

79. Bridge graft to strengthen a narrow crotch angle

80. Inarching to repair damage

81. Grafting information online UGA Extension Service NCSU Home propagation Texas A & M

82. Micropropagation Utilizes cell and tissue culture Home tissue culture