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UNIVERSAL HUMAN RIGHTS

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Presentation on theme: "UNIVERSAL HUMAN RIGHTS"— Presentation transcript:

1 UNIVERSAL HUMAN RIGHTS

2 OBJECTIVES Define Human Rights Defend Human Rights Deter Violations                                                                      

3 DEFINITION OF HUMAN RIGHTS
Rights inherent in our nature as human beings and without which we cannot live as human beings

4 HUMAN RIGHTS CATEGORIES
Integrity of the Person Freedom From Torture Freedom From Arbitrary Arrest Fair Trial Privacy Social & Economic Food and Shelter Civil and Political

5 HUMAN RIGHTS GENERATIONS
First Generation - Political and Civil Second Generation - Social, Economic and Cultural Third Generation - Development Environment Peace Access to Resources

6 SOURCES OF HUMAN RIGHTS
Philosophy Religion Legislation, inspired by revolutionary movements increasing sensitivity for the dignity of mankind

7 HUMAN RIGHTS: COMPETING INTERESTS
State Sovereignty Individual Protection Personal Motivations Racism Religious discrimination Role of women

8 HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION
Disinterest of Intervening Powers Human Rights Atrocities Degree a Nation Actively Participates in or Condones Human Rights Violations Collective Action Protection of Local Populations

9 HUMAN RIGHTS - PRE W.W.II Treaties Geneva and Hague Conventions
League of Nations

10 FDR’s FOUR FREEDOMS Freedom of Speech/Expression Freedom From Fear
Freedom From Want Freedom of Religion

11 WAR CRIMES TRIALS International Jurisdiction Crimes Against Humanity
Genocide

12 UN CHARTER - ARTICLE 1(3) “The Purposes of the United Nations are:
3. To achieve international cooperation in ....promoting and encouraging respect for Human Rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion.”

13 UN CHARTER - ARTICLE 55 “The United Nations shall promote:
Universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion.”

14 UN CHARTER - ARTICLE 56 “All members pledge themselves to take joint and separate action for the achievement of the purposes set forth in Article 55.”

15 CONSEQUENCES OF THE UN CHARTER
Human Rights are an international concern UN authority to define Human Rights UN protection of Human Rights International Law Investigations

16 INTERNATIONAL BILL OF HUMAN RIGHTS
UN Charter Universal Declaration of Human Rights International Covenants on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and Civil and Political Rights Optional Protocol to Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

17 UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS
ARTICLE 29 LIMITATIONS ONLY IF NECESSARY TO: 1) Secure due recognition and respect of the rights and freedoms of others 2) Meet the requirements of: Justice Morality Public Order General Welfare

18 UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS
Article 1: Everyone Is Free and Is Entitled to Human Rights Article 2: No Discrimination

19 UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS
Civil and Political Rights Article 4: No Slavery Article 5: No Torture Articles : Legal Procedure Articles : Mobility Articles : Political Rights

20 UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS
Social and Economic Rights Article 16: Marriage Article 17: Property Articles 22 & 25: Social Security Articles 23 & 24: Employment Article 26: Education

21 INTERNATIONAL BILL OF HUMAN RIGHTS
UN Charter Universal Declaration of Human Rights International Covenants on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and Civil and Political Rights Optional Protocol to Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

22 REGIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS PROTECTION
American Convention on Human Rights African Charter on Human and People’s Rights European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms

23 ACHIEVING HUMAN RIGHTS GOALS
Example Diplomacy Asylum World Opinion Foreign Assistance Economic Sanctions World Organizations

24 ACHIEVING HUMAN RIGHTS GOALS
International Courts International Criminal Tribunal for Yugoslavia International Criminal Tribunal for Somalia International Criminal Tribunal for Sierra Leone International Criminal Court

25 FOREIGN ASSISTANCE ACT
“No Security Assistance to Governments Which Engage in a Pattern of Gross Violations of Internationally Recognized Human Rights”

26 U.N. CHARTER AFFIRMS “THE EQUAL RIGHTS OF MEN AND WOMEN”
Article 2 – Equal rights regardless of differences in gender

27 UN CONVENTIONS ON AFFIRMING THE EQUALITY OF WOMEN
Political Rights of Women (1952) The Nationality of Married Women (1957) Marriage: Consent, Minimum Age and Registration of Marriages (1962) Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (1979)

28 U.S. LEGAL AND CIVIL RIGHTS PROTECTION
United States Constitution The Bill of Rights Federal Statutes State Statutes Government Regulation U. S. Supreme Court

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