1. Educational Leadership and Planning for Technology Chapter 6 – Multimedia in Education Dr. Anthony G. Picciano

2. Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved PowerPoint Outline Multimedia Defined Multimedia for Multiple Intelligences Multimedia Literacy Multimedia Hardware Analog Video and DVD Multimedia Software Resources Copyright Media Distribution Systems

3. Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Multimedia Defined Multimedia means two or more media: sound, images, text, animation, and video. When the term is used with computer technology, multimedia refers to a variety of applications that combine media and that use CD-ROM, video, audio, DVD, and other media equipment.

4. Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Multimedia for Multiple Intelligences Howard Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences. Gardner, a Harvard psychologist, believes that intelligence has been too narrowly defined: It is not a singular entity that can be measured by standard intelligence tests. It is composed of eight multiple entities. (Gardner, 1983)

5. Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Multiple Intelligences (Howard Gardner, Frames of Mind, 1983) Linguistic Logical/Mathematical 2 + 3 = 5; x = a - b Spatial Bodily/Kinesthetic Musical Interpersonal Intrapersonal Naturalistic

6. Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Multimedia for Multiple Intelligences If learning materials can be developed and used that extend instruction beyond the child’s linguistic intelligence and make greater use of visual stimulation, sounds and music, logic and mathematics, then perhaps a more effective teaching and learning process could evolve.

7. Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Multimedia Literacy Is multimedia the next literacy? This question concerns how society receives information, which increasingly is via moving images from television, videos, and motion pictures. A researcher in this field is Fred Hofstetter, professor and director of the Instructional Technology Center at the University of Delaware.

8. Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Multimedia Hardware Hardware requirements include a basic computer system with the standard input devices, central processor, and output devices CD-ROMs or DVDs sound boards (or cards) speakers video boards high-speed central processors extensive secondary storage (hard disk)

9. Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Analog Video and Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) Technology Videocassette Started becoming popular in the 1980s, and because of its simplicity remains an important technology for instruction Analog Videodisc (also referred to as laserdisc) Provides direct access to analog video material Digital Versatile Disc Records and plays back digital video material. Now replacing CD-ROMs.

10. Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Multimedia Software For Authoring: Languages such as PowerPoint and Hyperstudio are especially popular For Sound and Video Editing: Image, video, and sound-editing software is being used to assist in acquiring and editing visual and audio materials for inclusion into multimedia projects For Digital Animation: Packages are now sophisticated enough to provide animations to multiple objects on a screen, special effects such as three-dimensional images, and high-color resolution approaching photograph quality

11. Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Resources When creating original materials for instruction, it can be time-consuming to locate images, sounds, and video in digital format. Common resources include Commercial multimedia software vendors Clip media libraries Electronic reference works The Internet

12. Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Copyright Usually educators have fair use or limited use of copyrighted materials (text, images, sound, video) as long as the items are used for instructional purposes. However, prohibitions exist against the unauthorized use or proliferation of copies. Stanford University maintains an excellent Web site dedicated to copyright issues, which includes specific information on multimedia: http://fairuse.stanford.edu/ http://fairuse.stanford.edu/

13. Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Media Distribution Systems Media distribution systems integrate several media sources (videotape, videodisc, DVD, cameras, computers) and are able to distribute them to a number of output devices, usually stand-alone monitors.

14. Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Questions and Comments