1. Choosing the best media for the instructional message
Media Selection
Choosing the best media for the instructional message

2. Objectives of the session
Identify types of commonly used media
Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of selected media
Identify factors affecting media selection
Select appropriate media for delivery of instruction

3. Teachers of the 21st Century

4. Students of the 21st Century
Today’s digital kids think of information and communications technology (ICT) as something akin to oxygen. They expect it. It’s what they breathe, and it’s how they live. They use ICT to meet, play, date, and learn. It’s an integral part of their social life. It’s how they acknowledge each other and form their personal identities. (Seely-Brown, 2004)

5. Traditional Learning
21st Century Learning
Schooling
Lifelong Learning
Knowing
(factual knowledge based learning)
Understanding
Broadcast/ Teacher centred / Transmission model/passive learning
Constructivist / student centred L/ information exchange/ active learning
Single sense stimulation / single media
Multi-sensory stimulation / multimedia
Traditional Content /
isolated, artificial context
Contemporary Content/
real world, authentic context
Learning Tech Skills / individual work/
Developing 21st Century Skills /
collaborative work / critical thinking

6. Instructional Media – The Basics
Instructional media carry messages with an instructional purpose.
The design of the message and the quality of teacher-learner interactions, not the medium, are what influences learning effectiveness
No one medium is capable of presenting all the required learning stimuli, so use a multimedia approach.

7. Types of Instructional Media
Audio
Audio/Visual
visual
Tactile/
Kinaesthetic
Teacher’s voice
Audio cassettes
Audio CDs
Radio
video
multimedia CDs
DVDs
PowerPoint
Internet
chalkboards
white boards
flannel boards
magnetic boards
objects / models
pictures
charts / diagrams
photographs
text
OH transparencies
slides / silent films
working models
equipment
simulators
interactive software
Classified according to sensory channels.

8. Advantages and Disadvantages of the Media
Audio
Audio/Visual
visual
Tactile/
Kinaesthetic
Advantages
Inexpensive
Easy to create
Easy to duplicate
Very Accessible
Disadvantages
May not be interactive
No visual stimulus
Advantages
Very effective for introducing,
summarizing and reviewing concepts
Can be used as a motivational tool
meets needs of students with different
learning styles
Complex or abstract concepts can be
illustrated
Disadvantages
Passive learning may take place if not interactive
Advantages
Individualized learning
Motivational
Interactive
Great for children who
need concrete
representations
Provides hands-on,
real life experiences

9. Factors Affecting Media Selection
There are many media selection models and approaches (e.g. Romiszowski)
The basis of media selection models are the factors affecting media choice.
These factors include…

10. Factors Affecting Media Selection
instructional method
type of learning task (objectives)
subject matter and required student performance
learner characteristics (learning style, skills)
target population – location, size
teachers’ attitudes/preferences, skills etc.
physical attributes of the media (sensory channels)
teaching space, lighting, facilities (physical environment)
practical constraints – economic (money) and administrative time , what’s available

11. When Should I Select ? listening skills differentiation of sounds
Audio
listening skills
differentiation of sounds
stimulation of the imagination
re-telling
Music or music appreciation
Caution
risk of misinterpretation
difficult for young children
Teacher’s voice
Audio cassettes
Audio CDs
Radio

12. When Should I Select ? demonstration problem solving
Visual &
Audio/Visual
chalkboards
white boards
flannel boards
magnetic boards
objects / models
pictures
charts / diagrams
photographs
text
OH transparencies
slides / silent films
demonstration
problem solving
contrived experiences (realism and immediacy)
To present information
Caution
Excess stimuli can hinder
Audio and visual channels should be mutually supportive. They should not compete.
video
television
multimedia CDs
DVDs
PowerPoint
Internet
Next

13. Round 75 to the nearest ten.80 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79

14. 75 rounds to 80 because 5 or more rounds to the next tens digit.
back
75 rounds to 80 because 5 or more rounds to the next tens digit. 80 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79

15. Compare
Compare 114 and 346

16. Hundreds
Tens
Ones 4 1 1
Hundreds
Tens
Ones 3 4 6

17. <
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18. 6/10 4/10 HIT 6 out of 10 MISSED 4 out of 10
2. During practice Mark tried ten foul shots. He hit six. Write fractions that represents the number of shots Mark hit and the number of shots Mark missed.
Step 1: Illustrate the Problem
Step 2: Solve the Problem
HIT
6 out of 10
MISSED
4 out of 10
6/10
4/10
back

19. Using video in the classroom
back

20. When Should I Select ? To introduce a lesson or topic
Tactile/
Kinaesthetic
To introduce a lesson or topic
When it is convenient to use the real thing
When manipulating objects can better explain the principle being taught
working models
equipment
simulators
interactive software

21. Convergence of technologies
Driving this convergence is the powerful discovery that all information – sound, pictures, data – can be converted into digital format (ones and zeroes) and reincarnated intact somewhere else.
Computer technologies facilitate the combination of different media.

22. And Finally…
Media can become effective learning resources if what is selected is relevant to the task, and provides experiences which are different from other available material.
(Adapted from Bates, 1984)