1. Personality Psychology
Unit 3

2. What is personality?
The consistent, enduring, and unique characteristics of a person.

3. Brainstorm
In your notes, write down at least 8 words AND draw at least 3 pictures to describe your personality.
Share with your neighbor
Similarities? Differences?

4. Purpose of Personality Theories
Provide a way of organizing the many characteristics you know about yourself and others.
To explain the differences between individuals
To explore how people conduct their lives
To determine how life can be improved

5. Personality Project Part 1: Project Packet
Each day we will complete pages of the project packet
Homework points for each completed on time
Part 2: ProductWill be discussed later in the unit
Use Part 1 to complete Part 2

6. Today Supplies at the Front of the Room & By the Inbox
Complete the Title page by using your Brainstorm Ideas.
In the circle, sketch a picture that represents you (a shape, favorite object, emoticon, etc.)
On each of the 5 spokes list 1 word that describes you (outgoing, ambitious, athletic, etc.)
Complete the Information Page (page 2)
Complete the My Survey Pages (pages 3-5)

7. Psychoanalytical Theories

8. Freud and the Unconscious
Experiences, especially childhood, stored in unconscious
Although not consciously awareinfluence our behavior

9. Freud’s Model: 3 Parts of the Unconscious
The Id = what you want to do
Part that contains our needs, drives, instincts, and repressed material
The Ego = what you can do
Part that is in touch with reality and socially acceptable
The Superego = what you should do
Par t that has the conscience and tries to counteract the socially inappropriate desires of the id

11. How does this affect our personality?
Conflicts between the id & superego
The ego must satisfy the pleasure demands of the id without offending the morality of superego
If…
Id is not satisfied: longing, anger, or desire
Superego is not obeyed: guilty and inferior
Ego ignored: real outcomes can take place like starvation of dislike by other people

12. Defense Mechanisms

13. Defense Mechanism
What the ego unconsciously uses to protect itself against unpleasant impulses or circumstances
All ppl resort to this bc the ego’s job is so difficult
If the demands of the id and the superego cannot be resolveddistort reality

14. Defense Mechanism
Defends the ego from experiencing anxiety about failing in its tasks.
Necessary (to some degree) for psychological well-being
defense mechanisms
certain specific means by which the ego unconsciously protects itself against unpleasant impulses or circumstances
Freud believed that these defense mechanisms stem mainly from the unconscious part of the ego.

15. Defense Mechanism Activity
Count off by 8s
Pick a Defense Mechanism out of a hat
Read AND take notes on that Defense Mechanism in the textbook (p )
In your groups, create a mini-skit (about 1-2 minutes long) about your Defense Mechanism
Elect a group leader who can describe the Defense Mechanism to the class after the skit

16. Today Complete My Defense Mechanism (p. 8) in Project Packet
Checked tomorrow for homework points

17. Adler & Birth Order

18. Freud’s Followers
Carl Jung
Alfred Adler

19. Carl Jung Started off as Freud’s closet associate
Argued over 2 points:
Positive view of human nature
2 unconsciouses the personal and the collective (archetypes)

20. Alfred Adler
Associate of Freudleft to form his own personality theory
Adler’s Personality Theory:
Inferiority complex: a pattern of avoiding feelings of inadequacy rather than trying to overcome their source (compensating for weaknesses)

21. How does it apply to us? Adler said:
Children first feel inferior bc they are little and dependent on parents
As they learn to do things for themselves like hold a spoon or tie their shoes, they learn a pattern of overcoming inadequacies that persists throughout life (lifestyles)

22. Birth Order Theory
Adler believed the way parents treat children influences the styles of life they choose
Overpampering self-centered person who expects others to do things for them
Neglected lack confidence
Ideal learn self-reliance & courage from father, generosity & empathy from mother
Sometimes had to do with the order in which a child was born

23. Celebrity Birth Order Activity
Complete the green sheet according to Adler’s Theory of Birth Order
Go Over as a Class
Complete My Birth Order page 9finish for Homework

24. Learning Theories

25. Behaviorism Study of ONLY observable behavior
Exact opposite of psychoanalytical theories
Why?
Personalities are LEARNED based on experiences

26. Contingencies of Reinforcement
What you get (advantages) from certain behaviors
Conditions that make a behavior more likely to happen

27. Contingencies of Reinforcement
Positive Reinforcement adding (+) something you want to encourage a behavior
Ex: When I clean  my room, I get to go out with friends.  the thing that I want is to go out with friends - so I clean my room.
Negative Reinforcement subtracting (-) something you DON'T want to encourage a behavior
Ex: When I work during my study hall, I don't have work to take home.  The thing that I don't want is homework so I use my time wisely.

28. Today Reinforcing My Personality page 10
Using 3 of the 5 characteristics on the front let’s discuss what are possible reinforcements for each of them.

29. Observational Learning
A person acquires new behavior by watching the actions of another person

30. Personality Development
Cognitive-Personal Factors: beliefs, values, emotional make up, and genetic influences
Behaviors: our actions
Environmental Factors: personal experiences, and social, political cultural influences
Personality Development

31. Differences from Psychoanalytical Theories?
Psychoanalytical theories: influence of childhood experiences, irrational thoughts, unconscious forces
Learning theories: focus on concrete actions that can be tested and measured
Critics of Learning Theories:
Does not explain personality
Does not give enough attention to emotions, childhood experiences, or genetic make-up of a person

32. Today Complete Observational Learning in the Yellow Packet (page 11)
Choose 3 behaviors that you display on a daily basis that may be caused by observational learning (imitation)

33. Humanistic Psychology

34. What is Humanistic Psychology?
Emphasizes personal growth and achievements of people
How does it differ from behaviorism and psychoanalysis?
Psycho: influenced by instincts
Behavior: influenced by rewards and punishments
Stresses our ability to create and live by personal standardsthinks the other 2 demeans humans

35. Self-Actualization
The realization of our potential as unique individuals

36. Today Textbook page 393 Characteristics of Self-Actualized People
Complete page 12 in Yellow Packet