1. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 1 The AMERICAN REVOLUTION Section 1: The Revolution Begins Section 2: Declaring Independence Section 3: Dark Hours for the Revolution Section 4: The Patriots Gain New Hope Section 5: Independence Chapter 7

2. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 2 OBJECTIVES  What actions did the first Continental Congress take?  How did the fighting at Lexington and Concord affect the colonies’ conflict with Great Britain?  What did the Second Continental Congress accomplish?  How did geography influence the early battles of the war? Section 1: The Revolution Begins

3. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 3 The First Continental Congress agreed to boycott British goods agreed to boycott British goods prepared to fight prepared to fight issued the Declaration of Rights issued the Declaration of Rights Section 1: The Revolution Begins

4. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 4 Lexington and Concord The fighting at Lexington and Concord added to the conflict between Great Britain and the colonists. The fighting at Lexington and Concord added to the conflict between Great Britain and the colonists. The colonists: The colonists: reacted with shock and anger reacted with shock and anger responded by calling the Second Continental Congress responded by calling the Second Continental Congress Section 1: The Revolution Begins

5. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 5 Accomplishments of the Second Continental Congress created a Continental Army created a Continental Army chose General Washington to lead the army chose General Washington to lead the army signed Olive Branch Petition signed Olive Branch Petition Section 1: The Revolution Begins Olive Branch Petition – peace request sent by the Second Continental Congress to Britain’s King George III, who rejected it

6. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 6 The Influence of Geography on the War Fort Ticonderoga in northern New York guarded the access to Lake Champlain, a key waterway. This made the fort a key target for the colonists. Fort Ticonderoga in northern New York guarded the access to Lake Champlain, a key waterway. This made the fort a key target for the colonists. Occupying the hills near Boston helped the Patriots retake the city. Occupying the hills near Boston helped the Patriots retake the city. Section 1: The Revolution Begins

7. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 7 OBJECTIVES  How did Thomas Paine’s Common Sense influence the colonies?  What were the main ideas stated in the Declaration of Independence?  How did Americans react to the Declaration of Independence? Section 2: Declaring Independence

8. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 8 Common Sense Thomas Paine’s Common Sense popularized the independence movement. Section 2: Declaring Independence

9. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 9 The Declaration of Independence stressed: inalienable rights inalienable rights British violation of the colonist’s rights British violation of the colonist’s rights colonist’s right to declare their independence colonist’s right to declare their independence Section 2: Declaring Independence

10. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 10 American Reaction to the Declaration of Independence led to divisions – Patriots versus Loyalists led to divisions – Patriots versus Loyalists forced Loyalists to flee the colonies forced Loyalists to flee the colonies some recognized that it ignored many colonists some recognized that it ignored many colonists Section 2: Declaring Independence

11. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 11 OBJECTIVES  What were the Patriots’ advantages and disadvantages at the beginning of the Revolutionary War?  How did different groups contribute to the war effort?  What problems did the Patriots face in Canada and New York? Section 3: Dark Hours for the Revolution

12. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 12 The Patriots’… Advantages… Advantages… Many Americans supported the Revolution. Many Americans supported the Revolution. Americans were fighting on their own soil. Americans were fighting on their own soil. The British had to ship their supplies across the Atlantic Ocean. The British had to ship their supplies across the Atlantic Ocean. Disadvantages… Disadvantages… Great Britain had more money and resources. Great Britain had more money and resources. Great Britain had a powerful military. Great Britain had a powerful military. British soldiers were mostly well-trained professionals. British soldiers were mostly well-trained professionals. Section 3: Dark Hours for the Revolution

13. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 13 War Effort Many groups contributed to the war effort in a variety of ways such as raising money for supplies, sewing uniforms, or acting as messengers, nurses, or spies. Section 3: Dark Hours for the Revolution

14. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 14 Problems of the Patriots weather weather crushing defeats crushing defeats outnumbered outnumbered poor equipment poor equipment Section 3: Dark Hours for the Revolution

15. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 15 OBJECTIVES  What were Washington’s strategies at Trenton and Princeton?  Why was the Battle of Saratoga a turning point in the war?  How did foreign nations and individuals aid the Patriots?  How did Patriots carry out the naval war? Section 4: The Patriots Gain New Hope

16. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 16 Strategy at Trenton and Princeton Washington’s strategy at Trenton and Princeton was to take the Loyalists by surprise. Section 4: The Patriots Gain New Hope

17. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 17 Battle of Saratoga The Battle of Saratoga was a turning point for the Patriots because: it boosted morale it boosted morale it led to increased foreign support it led to increased foreign support Section 4: The Patriots Gain New Hope

18. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 18 Foreign Aid to the Patriots Spanish and individual foreigners helped fight Spanish and individual foreigners helped fight financial aid financial aid engineering skills and cavalry training engineering skills and cavalry training Section 4: The Patriots Gain New Hope

19. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 19 Patriot’s Naval War The goal of the Patriot’s naval war was to raid and capture individual and merchant ships and capturing supply ports. Section 4: The Patriots Gain New Hope

20. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 20 OBJECTIVES  How did geography affect the Patriot strategy in the West?  How did the war take place in the southern colonies?  What events finally ended the war? Section 5: Independence

21. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 21 Patriot Strategy in the West Patriot strategy in the west was to capture Kaskaskia, along the Mississippi River, which was of great strategic value. Section 5: Independence

22. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 22 War in the South The British used slaves and destroyed property. The British used slaves and destroyed property. Patriots used guerrilla warfare to retaliate. Patriots used guerrilla warfare to retaliate. Section 5: Independence

23. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 23 Events Leading to the End of War aid from the French army and navy aid from the French army and navy Patriot victory at the Battle of Yorktown Patriot victory at the Battle of Yorktown Cornwallis surrendered Cornwallis surrendered Treaty of Paris 1783 Treaty of Paris 1783 Section 5: Independence