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Natural Habitats
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Outline Parts of the Environment Biotic and Abiotic Factors
Biomes of the World Wetlands Energy in Ecosystems Natural Environmental Change Environmental Change Due to Human Impact
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Parts of the Environment
Population: all members of one species in a given area Example -> all of the elk in a forest
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Parts of the Environment
Community: all of the populations in an area Example -> all of the elk, lynx, rabbits, owls, trees and grasses in a forest
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Parts of the Environment
Ecosystem: all of the living and non-living parts of an environment All of the communities in an area; combined with the air, water and ground
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The Environment
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Biotic Factors Biotic Factors: the living parts of an ecosystem
Examples -> animals, bugs, plants
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Abiotic Factors Abiotic Factors: the nonliving parts of an ecosystem
4 important ones Water – all living things need some amount of water Soil – type of soil determines what plants can grow Sunlight – primary source of energy in all ecosystems Temperature – living things require certain temperatures
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Biomes of the World Biome: large areas of the world that have similar climates and similar plants/animals that live there 3 important factors that make up a biome Temperature Precipitation (type and amount) Organisms that live there (plants and animals)
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Biomes of the World Major Biomes of the World Tundra
Taiga (coniferous forest) Deciduous Forest Tropical Rain Forest Desert Grassland Freshwater Saltwater
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Wetlands What are wetlands?
A wetland is an area that is saturated with water permanently or seasonally The soil in wetlands is uniquely suited to aquatic plants
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Wetlands Importance of Wetlands
Very biologically diverse ecosystem (many types of plants and animals) Wetlands are a natural water filtration system (helps to clean water)
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Energy in Ecosystems Producer: any organism that produces its own energy (typically plants) The sun is the primary source of energy in all ecosystems Consumer: any living things that must eat (consume) other living things for energy all animals are consumers
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Energy in Ecosystems
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Energy in Ecosystems
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Natural Environmental Change
Limiting Factors: anything that restricts (limits) the number of individuals in a population Predators, diseases, lack of water, food, space, or mates
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Natural Environmental Change
Succession: natural, gradual changes in the types of plants and animals that live in an area
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Types of Succession Primary succession: succession beginning in an area with no soil (volcanic island) Slow process Secondary succession: succession that occurs in an area that already has soil Area destroyed by a forest fire or natural disaster Climax community: succession is finished Stable community of plants and animals (no more changes)
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Environmental Change Due to Human Impact
Pollution: the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that are harmful
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America the Beautiful Oh beautiful for spacious skies, For amber waves of grain, For purple mountain majesties Above the fruited plain! America! America! God shed His grace on thee, And crown thy good with brotherhood, From sea to shining sea! ~ Katherine Lee Bates
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America the Beautiful
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America the Not so Beautiful
Oh beautiful for smoggy skies, Insecticided grain, For strip-mined mountain’s majesty Above the asphalt plain! America! America! Man sheds his waste on thee, And hides the pines with billboard signs From sea to oily sea! ~ George Carlin (comedian)
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Water Pollution
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Water Pollution
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Water Pollution
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Water Pollution
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Water Pollution
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Water Pollution
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11 Million Gallons Spilled – not even in the top 50 internationally
Water Pollution Alaska 1989 11 Million Gallons Spilled – not even in the top 50 internationally
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Water Pollution
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Water Pollution
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Water Pollution Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill – 200 million gallons spilled (estimate)
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Water Pollution
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Air Pollution
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Air Pollution Los Angeles at night Smoggy Los Angeles
Los Angeles during the day
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Air Pollution
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Air Pollution
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Air Pollution
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Environmental Change Due to Human Impact
Invasive Species: non-native species in an ecosystem (they don’t normally belong there) Usually introduced by humans (many times by accident) Can compete with and kill off native species Can be plants or animals
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Invasive Species
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Invasive Species
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Environmental Change Due to Human Impact
Deforestation: removal of trees and plants in a forest so that land is converted forever to non-forest use
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