1. Conjugating a Third Conjugation Verb
duco ducere duxi ductus

2. All About Verbs Each verb has 4 principal parts
duco
ducere
duxi
ductus
First Person Singular Present Active I lead
Present active
Infinitive
To lead
First Person Singular Perfect Active I have led
Perfect Passive Participle Having been led

3. Finding the Present Stem
Find the second principal part of the verb.
duco
ducere
duxi
ductus
The present stem is the second principal part – re.
ducere
- re =
duce

4. Present Active Endings
Present Active Tense
In the present active tense change e on the present stem to i and add the present active endings Present stem = Ducere – re = duce
duc i e
Singular
Plural we o I
mus
First Person
Second Person
tis
you s
you
he, she, it
Third Person t nt
they
Present Active Endings

5. Present Active duc o duci mus duci tis duci s duci t ducu nt
I lead I am leading I do lead
First Person
We lead We are leading We do lead
duc o
duci
mus
Second
Person
You lead You are leading You do leading
You lead You are leading You do lead
duci
tis
duci s
He leads He is leading He does lead
Third Person
They lead They are leading They do lead
duci t
ducu nt
Nota Bene: There is no “i” in the first person singular and the e changes to “u” in the third person plural.

6. Present Passive Endings
Present Passive Tense
In the present passive tense change “e” on the present stem to “i” and add the present active endings Present stem = Ducere – re = duce
Singular
Plural
First Person
mur we or I
mini
you
Second Person
you
ris
he, she, it
ntur
they
Third Person
tur
Present Passive Endings

7. Present Passive duc or duci mur duci mini duce ris duci tur ducu ntur
I am led
We are led
First Person
duc or
duci
mur
Second
Person
You are led
duci
mini
duce
ris
You are led
He is led
They are led
Third Person
duci
tur
ducu
ntur
Nota Bene: There is no “i” in the first person singular, the “e” is retained in the second person singular and the “e” changes to “u” in the third person plural.

8. Imperfect Tense Present Stem + BA + Present Endings Imperfect Active
Imperfect Passive
duce ba m
I led
duce ba r
I was led
duce ba s
You led
duce ba
ris
You were led
He led
duce ba
tur
He was led
duce ba t
We led
duce ba
mur
We were led
duce ba
mus
You led
duce ba
mini
You were led
duce ba
tis
They were led
They led
duce ba
ntur
duce ba nt

9. The sign of the future in the third declension is e.
Future Tense
The sign of the future in the third declension is e.
Future Active
Future Passive
duc a m
I will lead
duc a r
I will be led
duc e s
You will lead
duc e
ris
You will be led
duc e
tur
He will be led
duc e t
He will lead
duc e
mur
We will be led
duc e
mus
We will lead
duc e
mini
You will be led
duc e
tis
You will lead
They will be led
duc e
ntur
duc e nt
They will lead
Nota Bene: There is an “a” in the first person singular

10. Finding the Perfect Stem
Find the third principal part of the verb.
duco
ducere
duxi
doctus
The perfect stem is the third principal part – i.
duxi
- i =
dux

11. Perfect Active Tense
The Perfect Active Tense = Perfect Stem + Perfect Active Endings
Singular
Plural
First Person
imus we i I
istis
you
Second Person
you
isti
he, she, it
erunt
they
Third Person it
Perfect Active Endings

12. Perfect Active dux i dux imus dux istis dux isti dux dux erunt it
First Person
dux i
I led I have led I did lead
dux
imus
We led We have led We did lead
You led You have led You did lead
Second
Person
dux
istis
dux
isti
You led You have led You did lead
Third Person
dux it
dux
erunt
They led They have led They did lead
He led He has led He did lead
Perfect Active

13. Pluperfect Active Tense
Perfect Stem
+ era
+ Present Endings
Pluperfect Active
dux
era m
I had led
dux
era s
You had led
dux
era t
He had led
dux
era
mus
We had led
You had led
dux
era
tis
dux
era nt
They had led

14. Future Perfect Active Tense
Perfect Stem
+ eri
+ Present Endings
Future Perfect Active
dux er o
I will have led
dux
eri s
You will have led
dux
eri t
He will have led
dux
eri
mus
We will have led
You will have led
dux
eri
tis
They will have led
dux
eri nt

15. Perfect Passive System
1. Uses the fourth principal part which is called the perfect passive participle (PPP).
duco, ducere, duxi, ductus. -a. -um
2. The perfect passive participle (PPP) is a verbal adjective and must agree with the subject of the sentence.
If the subject is puella (feminine singular), the PPP will be ducta.
If the subject is puellae (feminine plural), the PPP will be ductae.
If the subject is vir (masculine singular), the PPP will be ductus.
If the subject is viri (masculine plural), the PPP will be ducti.
If the subject is oppidum (neuter singular), the PPP will be ductum.
If the subject is oppida (neuter plural), the PPP will be ducta.

16. Perfect Passive Tense PPP + Present Tense of Sum Perfect Passive
ductus – a - um
sum
I have been led
ductus – a - um es
You have been led
ductus –a -um
est
He has been led
ducti –ae -a
sumus
We have been led
You have been led
ducti –ae –a
estis
They have been led
ducti – ae -a
sunt

17. Pluperfect Passive Tense
PPP
+ imperfect Tense of Sum
Pluperfect Passive
ductus – a - um
eram
I had been led
ductus – a - um
eras
You had been led
ductus –a -um
erat
He had been led
ducti –ae -a
eramus
We had been led
You had been led
ducti –ae –a
eratis
They had been led
ducti – ae -a
erant

18. Future Perfect Passive Tense
PPP
+ Future Tense of Sum
Future Perfect Passive Tense
ductus – a - um
ero
I will have been led
ductus – a - um
eris
You will have been led
ductus –a -um
erit
He will have been led
ducti –ae -a
erimus
We will have been led
You will have been led
ducti –ae –a
eritis
They will have been led
ducti – ae -a
erunt

19. The ______________ tense does not use the present stem.
a. Future
b. Past Perfect
c. Imperfect
d. Present
next

20. Correct!!!
Back

21. Try again!!!
Back

22. Legere is the ______________ principal part of the word.
a. First
b. Second
c. Third
d. Fourth
next

23. Correct!!!
Back

24. Try again!!!
Back

25. legisti can be translated _____________
a. You have chosen
b. You were chosen
c. You are chosen
d. You will choose
next

26. Correct!!!
Back

27. Try again!!!
Back

28. Acta est can be translated _____________
a. She had been driven
b. She is driven
c. She has been driven
d. She will have been driven

29. Correct!!!
Back

30. Try again!!!
Back

31. Finis